MIS Degrees A Versatile Option for Business Majors

Management information systems (MIS) is an umbrella term for computerized information process systems used to manage business operations. Students with an MIS major study how companies and individuals can use systems and the generated data in decision-making processes. This major differs from information technology and computer science because there is more of a focus on people and service through technology.   What Is a Management Information Systems Degree? Students who complete a program with a major in management information systems earn a management information systems degree. Most business schools and colleges offer an MIS major at the associates bachelors, masters, and doctorate levels. Associate Degree in Management Information Systems: An associates degree with a specialization in management information systems  is not a common degree, but you can find some schools that award an MIS degree at the associates level. This is an entry-level degree program that typically takes two years to complete.Bachelor Degree in Management Information Systems: A bachelors degree in management information systems is the common starting point for students who want to major in this field. Some students also choose to earn a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) degree with a major in MIS. Both programs take three to four years to complete.Master Degree in Management Information Systems: A specialized masters degree in management information systems is a popular option for individuals in this field. Many schools also offer an MBA program with a concentration in MIS. Program length can vary but typically ranges from 11 months to two years. An 11-month program is considered an acc elerated program and may not be available at some schools.  Ph.D. in Management Information Systems: A Ph.D. is the highest degree that can be earned in the management information systems field. Alternately, students can earn a Ph.D. in Business Administration with a specialization in MIS. Programs usually take at least four years to complete if not more. This degree should be reserved for students who want to work in research or go on to teach at postsecondary schools (i.e. colleges and universities). Other degree options include 3/2 programs, which result in a bachelors degree and a masters degree in management information systems after five years of study, and dual degrees that result in an MBA/MS in MIS. Some schools also offer undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate MIS certificate programs. Do I Need a Management Information Systems Degree? You do need a degree to work in most jobs in the management information systems field. MIS professionals are the bridge between business and people and technology. Specialized training in all three of these components is essential. A bachelors degree is one of the most common degrees among MIS professionals. However, many individuals choose to pursue additional education at the masters level to qualify for more advanced positions. A masters degree can be especially helpful for people who want to work in consulting or supervisory positions. Individuals who want to work in research or teach at the university level should pursue a Ph.D. in management information systems.   What Can I Do With a Management Information Systems Degree? Business majors with a degree in management information systems have knowledge of business technology, management techniques, and organizational development. They are prepared for a wide range of careers. The type of job that you can get is very dependent on the level of your degree, the school you have graduated from, and previous work experience in technology and management fields. The more experience you have, the easier it is to get an advanced job (such as a supervisory position). The following is just a sample of some of the jobs in the management information systems field. Business Analyst: A business analysts uses  analysis to help improve an organizations efficiency and effectiveness.Computer Systems Analyst: A computer systems analyst uses  analysis to design, develop, or improve computer systems and solutions for organizations.Database Administrator: As the name suggests, a database administrator creates, administers, and maintains databases, such as information or financial databases, for organizations.Information Security Analyst: An information security analyst analyzes, monitors, and protects an organizations computer networks and systems from cyber attacks.Web Developer: A web developer designs, creates, improves, and maintains websites and web application for individuals and organizations.

Pursuit Of Knowledge In Frankenstein - 1866 Words

In the gothic novel, Frankenstein, written in 1818, author Mary Shelley tells a blood chilling story of Victor Frankenstein and his monstrous creation. Many of the main concepts in the Romantic literary movement are prevalent throughout the novel. Some of these concepts include nature as beauty and truth, strong personal motivation, and gothicism which inhibits intense emotion and complex psychology. Victor’s monstrous creation can be categorized as a romantic hero because of his continuous rejection from all forms of society. On the surface level the novel is of suspense and horror, yet it profoundly aims to highlight the dangers of overstepping the boundaries of ethical science. Written during an era of vast technological and†¦show more content†¦Captain Walton documents this story in the perspective of Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein grew up in the town of Geneva, Switzerland. Though dampered by his father’s criticism of reading, Victor ambitiously mastered all subjects and dreamed of attending the University of Ingolstadt. After experiencing a lighting strike on a nearby tree Victor’s curiosity for the sciences grew phenomenoly. Victor meets his dream of attending college in Germany where he meets his best friend Henry Clerval. For two years Victor undoubtedly impresses his professors and fellow classmates with his vast knowledge. Yet he is consumed with a desire to discover the secrets of life thus planning a way to create a human being. After precise planning and the digging up of deceased bodies in the local cemetery Victor begins to construct his being. Victor is immediately filled with horror and guilt at the first sight of life in the grotesque monstrous creation. Ashamed Victor flees his creation leaving the clueless creature to fend for himself. Victor tells no one of th e creature. Months later Victor receives a letter from his father telling him to come home because his younger brother William has been murdered. As Victor flees home he is bewildered after seeing a glimpse of the monster in the nearby woods. Immediately he realizes the monster is at fault for William’s murder. However after arriving home he finds that the Frankenstein’s servant Justine is beingShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein Pursuit Of Knowledge Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pages Among the many themes explored in Mary Shelley s timeless classic â€Å"Frankenstein†, the one I find to be most relevant and the one that truly resonated with me was the dangers that stem from the pursuit of knowledge. This theme resonated with me for many reasons because, while the pursuit of knowledge has allowed humankind to exert and enjoy unparalleled and unprecedented power over the animal kingdom and the world itself, it’s a seemingly benign aspect of human nature that can pa radoxically renderRead MoreFrankenstein Pursuit Of Knowledge Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesInformation War: The Truths of Knowledge in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein What exactly is the pursuit of knowledge? One might say that the pursuit of knowledge is when one conducts irregular experiments and actions. One might say that the pursuit of knowledge is the process of the collecting information needed in completing that test. However, the universal truth says that one can never accumulate all the knowledge in the world. However, one might opinion that the pursuit of knowledge is a wonderful thingRead MoreFrankenstein: the Dangerous Pursuit of Knowledge1552 Words   |  7 PagesDanielle Bouquio ENG 210 10/16/12 Frankenstein: The Dangerous Pursuit of Knowledge Over the past few centuries, the intellectuals of society have made countless advances in science and the development of technology, which, to different degrees, have all benefitted mankind. These scientific discoveries are a result of man’s thirst for and dedication to acquiring knowledge, information, and power. The innate curiosity and desire for understanding in an individual can grow so immense that hisRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein : The Pursuit Of Knowledge1028 Words   |  5 PagesKnowledge can cause a numerous amount of problems for those who choose to pursue it. That is if they decide to traverse on the more taboo sides of the sciences instead of staying inside the societal norms that have been set up. This is one of the more prevalent themes in Mary Shelley s Frankenstein. Among the themes of loneliness and revenge you have the one out standing theme of knowledge being dangerous. The pursuit of knowledge has caused some of the greatest horrors in the world of man and thisRead MoreThe Intellectual Pursuit and Its Social Counterpart in Frankenstein1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Intellectual Pursuit and Its Social Counterpart Victor Frankenstein, as a scientist, has a burning passion and an infinite curiosity for the science of reanimation. After spending years studying what is known of the subject, Victor makes a discovery that would have been considered an enormous scientific breakthrough. However, once Frankenstein applies this new science, the science becomes a detriment to society, never to be attempted again. Frankenstein ignored the social implications of theRead MoreShelley s Views Of The Dangers Of Knowledge1679 Words   |  7 Pagesdangers of knowledge contained in her novel Frankenstein â€Å"You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes not be a serpent to sting you, as mine had been,† this fragment of Victor Frankenstein’s conversations with Robert Walton exemplifies Mary Shelley’s views of the dangers of knowledge, in her novel, â€Å"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus,† where main characters Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein ruthlessly peruse knowledge. The themeRead MoreMoral Lessons in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein1322 Words   |  5 Pages Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein has become a classic in modern literature. Her tale is full of moral lessons that encompass a wide variety of subjects but one of the most prevalent is the theme of knowledge and its pursuit. Frankenstein, Walton, and the Monster all have an appetite for acquiring knowledge and actively pursue their perspective interests, but it soon turns to the obsessive and proves to be dangerous. Each of the character’s desires demonstrates to be detrimental to them when no boundariesRead MoreA Caveat to the Pursuit of Knowledge1000 Words   |  4 Pagesundesirable knowledge, may occur in scientific pursuits. By its very nature, scientific exploration generates questions, but that does not mean that all of them can or should be answered. There exists a fine line between moral scientific pursuit and immoral scientific pursuit. Given that immoral scientific pursuit does, in fact, exist, and given a situation in which one can only acquire a certain knowledge through immoral scientific pursuit, then one would have to classify this knowledge as â€Å"forbiddenRead MoreFrankenstein: The Danger in Knowledge, Science and Playing God 1846 Words   |  7 Pagesdangers of pursuing knowledge? Alternatively, does he reveal to us the dangers of playing God? Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein uses Victor Frankenstein’s creation to expose the dangers of knowledge and play ing God. Shelley exposes the readers to how in the pursuit of knowledge, man too often opens Pandora’s Box and unleashes unforeseen dangers unto the world. Shelley uses Victor Frankenstein and his creation to expose how knowledge and the pursuit of knowledge are explosive. Frankenstein is set during theRead MoreVictor Frankenstein Destruction Through Discovery1746 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Destruction through Discovery Summarizing the theme of the novel, Victor Frankenstein stated, â€Å"If the study to which you apply yourself has a tendency to weaken your affections, and to destroy your taste for those simple pleasures in which no alloy can possibly mix, then that study is certainly unlawful, that is to say, not befitting the human mind† (34). When initially considered, the concept of â€Å"gaining knowledge† or â€Å"discovery† is generally viewed with a sense of positivity and hope. It is

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Essay about The Tragic Treatment of Women in Othello

The Tragic Treatment of Women in Othello In Shakespeares drama, Othello, there are many different relationships among the main characters. The way that Shakespeare portrays these relationships sets the stage for the pain and deceit that unfolds within the play. Relations between the men of the play, Othello, Roderigo, Iago, and Cassio, undoubtedly form the main theme. Furthermore, each of the men, except Roderigo, also has woman that stands behind and cares for him. But the manor in which these women are treated is why the story ends on such a tragic note. After a careful analysis of the women, Desdemona, Emilia, and Bianca, one can see that much of the tragedy could have been avoided if only the men would have given them a chance†¦show more content†¦So, early in the play there is evidence that women are not treated equally, and thought to be incapable of making decisions that effect their own life. Desdemona is brought in by her father to the court to be questioned for her actions, she replies with utter respect to her father, but devotion to her husband To you I am bound for life and education / I am hither to your daughter. But here is my husband. And so much duty as my mother showed to you, preferring you before her father (1.3.184-190). In other words, she is grateful to her father for what he has given to her but will stand by the side of her husband. She does not hesitate to defend her husband in front of her father. This shows she has a strong inner will and is very capable of making her own decisions, a quality that Othello makes the grave mistake of ignoring. Despite the set backs in Venice, Othello and Desdemona are deeply in love and things seem to be even better when they arrive in Cyprus. Othello publicly proclaims his love for her when they meet there: Othello. It gives me wonder great as my content to see you here before me. O my souls joy, If after every tempest come such calms, may the wind blow til they have wakened death. And let the laboring bark climb hills of seas Olympus high, and duck again as low as hells from heaven! If it were now to die, Twere now to be most happy, for I fear my soul hat her content so absolute that not another comfort like to this.Show MoreRelatedTo What Extent Is Desdemona Presented as a Tragic Victim in Othello?1489 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent is Desdemona presented as a tragic victim in the play ‘Othello’? Desdemona, the daughter of Venetian senator Brabantio, is captivated by Othello’s fables of bravery as a warrior and she falls in love with him. In view of the fact that Desdemona is a â€Å"fair† woman and Othello is â€Å"an old black ram†, commonly referred to as ‘the Moor’, their marriage indicates that her fate might be tragic. In ‘Othello’, Desdemona is portrayed as a courageous young woman whose character is used againstRead MoreEssay about A Feminist Analysis of Othello1741 Words   |  7 PagesA Feminist Analysis of Othello  Ã‚   In William Shakespeare’s tragic play Othello there are numerous instances of obvious sexism aimed at the three women in the drama -- Desdemona, Emilia and Bianca – and aimed at womankind generally. Let us delve into this subject in this paper. In the essay â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello† Robert B. Heilman discusses a scene which occurs late in the play and which is sexist: When Othello summons Desdemona and dismisses Emilia, â€Å"Leave procreantsRead MoreOthello Feminist Analysis1611 Words   |  7 PagesOthello, by William Shakespeare is well known for its richness in literary content and elements pertinent to societal ideas. Moreover, women are portrayed in Othello in ways that confirm, but also contradict their treatment in Shakespeare’s time. Both female action and language represent these ideas such as expectations for a wife and expectations for how a woman is to act. That said, there are many other lines spoken by these characters that defy the expectations placed on women at time. OverallRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Gender on Shakespeares Othello 1376 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello In the book â€Å"Gender Trouble† (1990), feminist theorist Judith Butler explains â€Å"gender is not only a social construct, but also a kind of performance such as a show we put on, a costume or disguise we wear† (Butler). In other words, gender is a performance, an act, and costumes, not the main aspect of essential identity. By understanding this theory of gender as an act, performance, we can see how gender has greatly impacted the outcome of the play in William Shakespeare’s Othello. FromRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1893 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare’s tragedy Othello deals with various issues in the tragic vein of tragedies such as Hamlet and King Lear. Marriage and associated issues stands out as a key theme and preoccupation in Othello. In Othello, various issues such as race, patriarchal attitudes and other general human frailties complicate marriages. Shakespeare portrays marriage in a very bleak light. In the beginning of the play, we see that marriage is not only a union of man and his wife but also involves various familialRead MoreWhat Way Would A Modern Audience React To The Way Race And Racism Is Portrayed In Othello?1725 Words   |  7 PagesIn the Sixteenth century, as we see clearly from Othello and other works of both Shakespeare and Cinthios original version of Othello, race was a topic of great debate and discussion. Today, in the twenty-first century the debate retains its controversy and passion. However, attitudes towards race have taken a dramatic turn during the last century. In the developed world people are now living in an increasingly cosmopolitan society would undoubtedly be more tolerant and would reject or even be offendedRead MoreLiterary Scholarship And Criticism Of Shakespeare s The Invention Of The Human 1309 Words   |  6 Pagesable to express himself more vividly and memorably than anyone else in the language† (p. 7). J.J.M. Tobin’s three components of Shakespeare’s artistry will serve as the anchors for exploring how four of Shakespeare’s prominent tragedies, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and King Lear, demonstrate the faculty of Shakespeare’s expertise. Through the lens of Tobin’s analytical â€Å"ebullition† of Shakespeare’s work, this paper seeks to expand and qualify the magnetic aura that is Shakespeare; his ability to breathRead MoreEssay On Women In Othello And Wilsons Fences1386 Words   |  6 PagesIn both Shakespeare’s play Othello and Wilson’s Fences women can be seen as victims to men but have their strong moments, however men’s identities are sometimes dependent of their women. Focusing around the main women in these two plays you can see the strong similarities in the societal perspective on women. In Othello and Fences both marriages of the main characters face a demise, but in both relationships the women were the back bone of the marriage not caring about their husband’s backgroundsRead MoreTheme Of Feminism In Othello1006 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Othello, however, carries a theme that ultimately leads to the demise of its secondary heroin, Emilia. Was Emilia’s feminism-forward outspokenness against Othello’s patriarchal society worth her paying the ultimate price? Yes. Emilia is the handmaiden to the wife of Othello, Desdemona, and the wife of the story’s antagonist, Iago. Emilia frequently spends abundant amounts of time with Desdemona, so it is only natural that these two women would discuss topics that only women of the VenetianRead MoreOthering Frankenstein Essay1887 Words   |  8 Pagesalterity, class, and gender as aspects of othering. Shelley’s exploration of these ideas allows for various readings of the text, including post-colonialist, Marxist, and feminist critiques. These ideas and readings are also seen within the text Othello by William Shakespeare. The creation of the ‘other’ can be seen throughout human history as a way of distinguishing groups based on arbitrary criteria. It is used by societies in order to an â€Å"us† and â€Å"them†. Edward Said describes the term othering

Social diagnosis Free Essays

Would you rather follow your heart or your head? 33. What is your opinion about same gender relationships? 34. Do you think the past matters in a relationship? 35. We will write a custom essay sample on Social diagnosis or any similar topic only for you Order Now How would you react if I told I have had a relationship with a partner of the same gender? 36. Do you believe in any god or gods? Why? 37. Do you have any political opinions? 38. Do you have any hobbies? 39. Have you ever experimented with drugs? 40. What do you think is the key to good parenting? 41. Do you like pets in the house? 42. What is the weirdest thing about you? 43. Tell me something about your first kiss. 44. If your parents don’t like me for some reason, is that a deal breaker? 45. Have you ever regretted one of your ‘romantic encounters’? 46. Do you believe in soul mates? 47. Do you have a criminal record, any contraction of diseases? 48. What is your dream Job? 49. Are you willing to stay away from your family if you ever have to for a Job? 50. Which living celebrity/author/singer would you like to know? 51 . If you could meet a famous dead person, whom would you like to meet? . What do you think about unfaithfulness in a relationship? 53. Do you think love at first sight is possible? 54. How do you balance personal responsibilities with relationship responsibilities? 55. Who is your favorite fictional character and why? 56. Do you prefer reading books or watching movies? 57. Do you have any regrets in life? 58. What is your ideal vacation? 59. Do you have a favorite movie? 60. If you are allowed to do Just one thing for the rest of your life, what would it be? 61 . What is the one thing about you that you take pride in? . What is the most courageous thing you have ever done in your life? 63. What is your earliest memory? 64. What do you like most about you? 65. Will you be 0K with me hanging out with you and your friends? 66. What would you do if you wanted to live your life differently? 67. Have you ever taken dancing classes? DO you like to dance? 68. Do you think it is important to learn any form ofa performing art? 69. What are you looking for in a relationship? In the long term or short term? 70. If you have three wishes, what do would you wish for? 71 . Which is the song that makes you happy? 72. If you could have a superpower, what would be your superpower? 73. Who is the most influential person for you so far in life? 74. Is there a movie that makes you cry no matter how many times you watch it? 75. If you could change one thing about yourself, what would it be? 76. What is the best advice you ever received? 77 What kind ot music you like? 78. If you had a previous relationship, why did your last relationship break up? 79. Are you still friends with that person? 80. Was there ever a best moment you spent with them? 1 . What are the craziest things that youVe done with someone? 82. What will you have accomplished one year from now? 83. If you could go on a road trip where would you go? 84. What is the best part about family life? 85. What is a favorite memory you have of being with your family? 86. Tell me 3 good points about me. 87. What are your expectations of me? 88. Did you ever want to kill someone? 89. Have you ever wanted something really bad and then later, not so much? 90. Is there anything I could do to make you think I am bad? 91 . What would you do without lectricity for 3 days? 2. Do you like to go shopping, not buying, shopping? 93. After I had asked you out for the first time, was there any part of you that wanted to say no? 94. Where are some other places you like to go on dates? 95. What are your views on open relationships? Do you know what an open relationship is? 96. Would you ever adopt a child? 97. Is money more important to you or arerelationships you share with people more i mportant? How to cite Social diagnosis, Papers

Accounting And Financial Management Case Study of British Petroleum

Executive Summary Accounting and financial management are the main backgrounds of the report under which the financial evaluation of British Petroleum (BP) is conducted. BP is a leading company that explores produces, refines and markets oil and gas products including fuel, lubricants, energy and petrochemicals product. It deals in different segments including upstream, midstream and downstream to the oil and energy production. It serves customers demands across the world through globalise operations. Financial performance of the company over the last 5 years is depicting fluctuating trend as its net revenues has continuously been increasing and on the other hand, profits have declined. Financial performance of BP is evaluated with using different categories of ratios, including long term capital, liquidity, investors, financial risk/working capital management, and profitability and cash flow ratios. On the basis of ratio analysis, it is evaluated that BPs financial position is not satisfactory althou gh it has enough liquid funds as compared to other rivalry firms. Internal and external sources of finance are commonly used to obtain funds by the large company. New equity capital is commonly raised from retained earnings, loans and debentures. Overall, the given report provides a comprehensive knowledge of BPs financial position in all material aspects. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Table of Content Executive Summary Introduction Analysis and History of the Development of British Petroleum Company Financial Analysis Liquidity Analysis Current Ratio Quick Ratio Working Capital Management Analysis Stock Days and Stock Turnover Debtors Collection Period Creditors Collection Period Long Term Gearing Capital Gearing Interest Coverage Ratio Cash Flow Ratios Operating cash flow to maturing obligations ratio Free cash flow ratio Profitability ratios Gross Profit Margin Return on Capital Employed Investment Ratios Earnings per share (EPS) Source of Finance Key Areas to be considered Aim and Purpose of Obtaining Finance Factors Considering for the Source of Finance BP and Sources of Finance Conclusion Reference Appendix Ratio Calculation Balance Sheet Income Statement Cash Flow Statement Introduction The given report is based on the rigorous financial analysis of British Petroleum (BP) over the financial period of 2011 to 2012. Financial analysis of the company is done on the basis of the relevant financial ratios to evaluate BPs position in respect to liquidity, working capital management, profitability, long term capital and cash flow. Review of this report provides a good overview of the financial position of the company from the investment viewpoint. In addition to this, aims and objectives of getting finance, factors taken into account related to the source of finance, key areas considered for getting loan and selection of the appropriate source of finance are also being included in the report. The report covers the history and development of BP, financial analysis, sources of finance and lastly, the conclusion. Analysis and History of the Development of British Petroleum Company BP is a renowned company in the major integrated oil gas industry, which serves fuel, lubricants, energy and petrochemicals product. In all the related areas, the company deals to maintain its eminent image including exploration, production, refining, marketing and distribution of oil and gas along with power and petrochemicals production and marketing (BP 2013). There are three main segments within which the company operates including upstream, midstream and downstream. In the upstream segment, BP is involved in the production, field development and exploration of oil and natural gas. Main operations performed under the upstream activities are offshore platforms, processing facilities and wells and pipelines. In around 30 countries, namely India, Russia, Tobago, Norway, Angola, Brazil, Azerbaija, etc., BP Company operates upstream activities. On the other hand, the midstream segment is engaged in the natural gas (natural gas liquids and liquefied natural gas) storage, processing, marketing and trade. Downstream segment of the company is engaged in the petroleum and petrochemicals products related process including refining, manufacturing, transportation, marketing and trade. The operational activities in the downstream segment are furnished at Asia, North America and Europe. In the world, 15 refineries are owned by BP as per the recent figures of 2013. BP initiated its operations in 1889 and is located in London, UK. Currently, BP works with 85700 employees to serve the demand of petroleum, natural gas, motor and aviation fuels throughout the world (BP 2013). Posi tion of BP in this industry is quite good as it efficiently focuses towards social and environmental issues, stakeholder engagement and transparency in operations. In this context, the company is positioned on 1st rank as per Tomorrow Value Rating (Oil and Gas 2011). Overall, BP Company gives more emphasis on the corporate social responsibility for the welfare of the society and economy as a whole. As per the 5 year trend, net revenues/sales of the company decreased during 2008 to 2009 i.e. 196.99 bn to 153.32 bn respectively due to the financial crisis. Later, in the following years, revenues have shown an increasing trend, it was 192.44 bn in 2010, 234.44 bn in 2011 and 237.02 bn in 2012. Despite increased sales, the net income of the company declined during the same period. It was 11.5 bn in 2008 that reduced to 10.6 bn 2009, -2.41 bn in 2010, 16.03 bn in 2011 and 7.31 bn in 2012 (BP Plc ADS 2013). This exhibits that year on year, BPs net income decreased and its profitability got affected. On an average, the growth rate divided over the last 5 years equals to -4.84%, but dividend per share increased to 17.86% (BP Plc 2013). The positive trend of dividend payment is a good symbol for investment in the oil and gas industry. Overall, the financial position of BP is showing positive results which are evident from the year on year growth. Financial Ratio Analysis Detailed analysis of each ratio is explained under and their calculation part has been included in appendix. Liquidity Analysis Liquidity ratio shows the companys ability to pay its short term obligation/liabilities. The common ratios used to determine the liquidity position are Current ratio and Quick Ratio. Generally, higher the liquidity ratios are, higher the margin of safety and it shows the companys position to meet its current liabilities. (a) Current Ratio Ratio of Bp and other industry competitors Ratio 2012 2011 Competitors (Chevron Corp) Current ratio 1.45 1.16 1.63 Quick Ratio 1.07 0.84 1.25 (Chevron Corp CVX 2013)(Refer appendix (i) The current ratio is the ratio between current assets and current liabilities. Current Ratio indicates the companys ability to convert the current assets into cash and cash equivalents quickly so that the current liabilities can be paid off at time (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2011). On analysing the current ratio of BP, it can be concluded that in the year 2011, the results were not satisfactory but in the year 2012, the company showed some progress in maintaining good amount of current assets to pay its liabilities. The ratio of the company in 2011 was 1.16 and in 2012, it was 1.45. Therefore, the companys liquidity position as compared to the ideal benchmark is not acceptable. On comparison with the other industry competitors, the ratio of BP shows unsatisfactory figures. This indicates that the company is working less efficiently in comparison with other industry leaders. The increase in the current ratio of the company was due to an increase in working capital in 2012. (b) Quick Ratio Quick Ratio, also known as Acid Test ratio, is another type of ratio that is used to measure the liquidity position of the company. This ratio is similar to the current ratio but the only difference is that current assets do not include inventory and prepaid expenses. The reason for not including inventory is that many businesses are not able to convert the inventory easily. So, it is difficult to compare companies that maintain low level of inventory, like service sectors (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2011). The acid test ratio of BP Corporation stood at 0.84 in the year 2011 and it increased by 27 % to be at 1.07 in the year 2012. The large gap between the current asset and quick asset ratios indicates that the company uses its inventory to derive its liquidity. Therefore, the company achieved the ideal benchmark of 1:1 in 2012. On comparing with competitors ratios, results of BP Corporation are slightly low, which shows that competitors maintain more inventory level than BP Corporation. One of the negative impacts on a company with lower acid test than that of the industry and/or competitors is that lenders and creditors are likely to prefer dealing with other players in the industry as compared to that company. Thus, it is difficult to convince lenders and creditors for short term purposes. In summary, the liquidity position of the BP Corporation reflects inadequate results than its competitors. It is advisable to BP Corporations that it should increase its investments in the short term assets that will help the company to increase the proportion of liquidity driven by more liquid assets. Hence, it will increase both current and quick ratio. Working Capital Management Analysis For any business, working capital management is one of the significant factors to maintain the proper flow of entire production process. It refers to the effective management of the companys working capital or assets required to run the business on daily basis (Sagner 2010). Ratios of Bp and other industry competitors Ratio 2012 2011 Competitors (Chevron Corp) Stock Turnover Ratio 13.51 14.04 24.09 Stock Days 27 days 26 days 15.15 days Debtors collection period 35 days 41 days 32.27 days Creditors payment period 58 days 67 days 58.24 days (Chevron Corp CVX 2013)(Refer appendix (ii)) (a) Stock Turnover Ratio and Stock Days Stock turnover ratio reflects the speed of movement of inventory outside the company so as to generate sales, whereas stock days show the number of days for the inventory to be sold out and restocked (Sagner 2010). The stock turnover ratio of BP Corporation was 14.04 % in FY 2011 which decreased by 3 % to be at 13.51 % in FY 2012. This indicates that there is no significant change in the inventory level in the present year. On looking at the stock days, which is 26 days in FY 2011 and 27 days in FY 2012, indicate that the company can sell its inventory in about a month, but it is not upto the desired level. On comparing both ratios with competitors in the market, the results are totally unsatisfactory. The stock turnover ratio of competitors was 24.09 % which indicates that BP Corporation is not able to convert its stock in cash as fast as its competitors. Comparing the stock days with competitors, i.e. 15.15 days, show that BP Corporation is not working effectively. (b) Debtor (Receivables) collection period Debtor collection period states the capability of the company in turning out its receivables into cash so as to meet its current liabilities. This also leads to improve the liquidity position of the company (Bull 2007). Debtor collection period of BP Corporation in FY 2011 was 41 days, which was reduced by 6 days in FY 2012 i.e. 35 days. This significant decrease in the collection period was due to the new policy adopted by the company to collect its receivables more quickly. (c) Creditors Payment Period Creditors payment period ratio is used to calculate the number of days taken by the company to pay its creditors for the amount of purchases made (Bull 2007). BP Corporation payment period was 67 days in FY 2011, which decreased to 58 days in FY 2012. The decrease in payment period was mainly due to the decrease in receivables collection period. Compared to competitors (58.24 days), BP Corporation was not effective in 2011, but in 2012, there was a significant decrease in the payment time that made the company to stand with other competitors. Long term capital Ratios Long term capital or gearing ratio indicates the percentage of debt in the companys capital structure. So higher the gearing ratios, higher is the financial risk. The company has to pay the interest amount on the borrowed amount regardless of any revenue. Therefore, at the time of financial crises, the company is not able to pay its financial charges and has to use its retained earnings, or otherwise the company gets into the position of bankruptcy (Bull 2007). Ratios of Bp and other industry competitors Ratio 2012 2011 Competitors (Chevron Corp) Capital gearing ratio 46.51 % 46.34 % 10.80 % Interest Cover ratio 17.54 times 31.95 times (Chevron Corp CVX 2013)(Refer appendix (iii)) a) Capital Gearing Ratio Capital gearing ratio calculates the amount of geared part (Long term debt) in the total capital employed. It is the measure of degree of financial leverage, indicating the degree to which a companys activities are funded by owner's funds against outsiders funds.BP Corporations capital gearing ratio was 46.34 % in FY 2011 and 46.51 % in FY 2012. On comparing with the same industry competitors, which have the gearing ratio of 10.80 %, it can be concluded that the company has taken more loan amount. This indicates that the BP Corporation is at more financial risk as compared to other key players (Bull 2007). (b) Interest Coverage ratio Interest coverage ratio helps to calculate the companys ability to pay its interest expenses. Higher the coverage ratio, lower the financial risk (Bull 2007). The interest coverage ratio of BP Corporation was 31.95 times in FY 2011, which was decreased by 45 % in FY 2012 with 17.54 times. The decrease in the coverage ratio attributes to increase the long term liabilities and decrease the EBIT. In the nutshell, it can be concluded that the leverage position of the company is not as good as it should be. The company has a sufficient amount of profit to cover the interest expenses. This makes the company financially viable to make loans in the market. Cash Flow Ratios Cash flow is the most important element in evaluating the companys financial performance as it is not affected by any accounting policy. Therefore, it cannot be directly managed or manipulated. Ratios of Bp and other industry competitors Ratio 2012 2011 Competitors OCF to maturing obligations ratio 380.37 % 380.59 % 88 % Free cash flow ratio 0.88 1.24 1.25 Cash exhaustion ratio 711 days 568 days 223 days (Chevron Corp CVX 2013)(Refer appendix (iv)) This is used to calculate the extent to which the cash is generated from the operation activities to meet the current obligations (Bull 2007). This ratio was 380.59 % in FY 2011 and in FY 2012, it was decreased to 380.37 %. The current ratio was similar to the previous one as there is no major change in the amount of current liabilities. The competitor ratio was 88 %, which indicates that BP Corporation is much stronger in paying its current obligations at time. (b) Free Cash flow FCF shows the companys ability to cover the capital expenditure by using the cash flow from operating activity (Bull 2007).BP Corporation FCF was 1.24 times in FY 2011, which decreased to 0.88 times in FY 2012. The decrease was mainly due to the increase in the capital expenditure and decrease in the cash flow from the operating activity. The competitors ratio of 1.25 times indicates that the company is working efficiently to cover up the capital expenditures. Profitability ratios Analysis of profitability ratio helps to calculate the turnovers, margins and different returns on investments made by the company. Ratios of Bp and other industry competitors Ratio 2012 2011 Competitors Gross Profit Margin 7.39 % 12.34 % 41.81 % Return on Capital Employed 8.91 % 19.16 % 25.77 % Asset Turnover 1.25 1.28 11.83 (Chevron Corp CVX 2013)(Refer appendix (v) This ratio reflects the margin that is left out with the company after meeting its manufacturing cost (Bull 2007). BP Corporation gross profit ratio was 12.34 % in FY 2011, which decreased to 7.39 % in FY 2012. Competitors ratio was 41.81 %, which indicates that BP Corporation revenue income is not that sufficient to cover all the manufacturing expenses. (b) Return on Capital Employed The return on capital employed can be obtained by dividing the net profit by the capital employed (Bull 2007). BP Corporation Return on capital employed ratio was 19.16 % in FY 2011, which was decreased to 8.91 % in FY 2012. Competitors ratio was 25.77 %, which shows that the earning capability of the company is not effective or upto the mark. Investment Ratios Ratios of Bp and other industry competitors Ratio 2012 2011 Competitors Dividend yield 0.77 % 0.68 % Dividend Cover 2.23 Times 6.41 Times 3.80 times Earnings per share 0.608 $ 1.359 $ 13.42 $ (Chevron Corp CVX 2013)(Refer appendix (vi)) Earnings per share of a company indicate the ratio of the companys earnings to the amount of shares held during the fiscal year. For the ordinary shareholders, the amount of earning available is simply the profit generated in a given financial year less taxation, preference dividend, and interest expense. BP Corporation EPS was 1.359 $ in FY 2011, which decreased to 0.608 $ in FY 2012. Competitors EPS was 13.42 $, which indicates that the company is not earning enough to compete the industry competitors. Sources of Finance Leading organisations can obtain required/additional capital by using the available sources of finance that are categorised under two heads, namely, internal and external financing. Internal financial sources comprise retained profits, sales of existing assets, reduced level of inventories, and long time grant for supplier payment and timely collection for debtors. On the other hand, the sources of finance that are available in the external option are of three types including long, medium and short term. Long term source of finance includes shares, debentures, bank loan and grants, while medium term sources include hire purchase, leasing and bank loan for medium and short term, including bank loan, creditors and bank loan/overdraft (Buckle, Buckle and Thompson 2004). This shows that a number of financing options are available in the market through which organisations can get funds easily, but the lending organisations need to consider certain financial areas when considering a loan application. The following areas that should be considered are depicted as follow: Debt position: The lending organisation should consider the debt position of the company to measure whether the current debt exceeds to the defined limit or not. This financial aspect helps the lending firms to determine the worth of the company, which is used as a base for granting loan application. An analysis of debt position indicates the firms ability to pay off long term debts and procure additional loans (Houston and Brigham 2009). In the capital structure, the proportion of debt and equity used in the asset financing can be determined with this and further the same information will be used to measure financial burden on the company in order to its ability to serve the loan on the due date and long term solvency. Liquidity: Liquidity indicates the firms ability to pay out the credit on time. Review of liquidity position aids in determining the capacity to meet the loan instalments when they are due as it reveals cash or liquid assets availability (Gtze, Northcott and Schuster 2007). This financial area is significant for lending organisations to consider while viewing a loan application to measure whether the firm has enough liquid funds to pay the loan amount on time. Market reputation and risk: This is another financial area that is directly linked to the financial status as good market reputation and low risk indicate less chances of payment default. Market reputation is important to be considered for the lending institution to evaluate the trustworthiness in respect to the credit history, while risk indicates the level of risk in the companys matters and operational dealings. Profitability Growth: Growth of the company in terms of profits must be considered by a lending organisation as this is one of the key financial areas that reflect the earning power and capability. It could be easy for the lending firms to ascertain solvency over the short or long run with the evaluation of the profit earning and amount to be given out as loan. Profitability growth area is important to find out the ability to earn maximum profit by utilising available resources in the best possible way (Ezenwa 2013). On the basis of the key financial areas, the lending organisation will be looking for the borrowers capability of paying back the loan amount with interest within the due period. It considers all factors that affect the decision to grant a loan application such as profitability, long term solvency, debt position, past credit history, risk and growth prospect. On this basis, the main focus of the lending organisation is to provide loan to the borrower, who has enough financial means and possess high ability to service the loan. Overall, the lending organisations look for the commitment and trustworthiness of the loan taker or borrowers in order to fulfil their loan requisite. Aim and Purpose of Obtaining Finance: The main aim and purpose of obtaining finance from a large company are the business expansion and development. Today, a business requires additional capital/funds to adopt new technological advancements for better and faster processing. Moreover, companies obtain finance for flourishing the business units worldwide to capture a large market share, and ultimately contribute in keeping the sustainable position in the future. BP Company aims to obtain funds to expand its operations across the Gulf regions (Blackden 2013). In addition to this, the company is aimed to push forward its segment of exploration and production in order to improve the level of production along with expanding its global reach. This would aid in saving BPs operations by enhancing the production capability. Funds are to be obtained to payoff short and long term obligations that are due within a short time interval. Overall, the large company plans to obtain funds to explore business area/operations, improve produ ction efficiency, and technology advancements in order to sustain growth in all aspects. Factors considering for the Source of Finance Although the selection of the appropriate source of finance from the internal and external financing options is done on the basis of the fund requirements in the business, but there exist certain factors that need to be taken into account while deciding the source of finance, these are as under: Flexibility: Flexibility with the future financing decision is the most significant factor that must be taken into account as there is a direct interlink between present and future financial decisions. Flexibility in terms of paying short and long term debt is also needed to be taken into account as there is no provision of penalty for early payment in case of short term borrowing, while it is penalised in case of long term. Rate of Interest: This is another factor needed to be taken while preferring financing option for long, medium and short term. The rate of interest is not high in case of short term debts like in long and medium term debt. This factor aids in deciding the source that is suitable for a shorter period and has low probability of investment loss (Mumba 2013). Tax Benefit: Tax benefit or shield is also one of the factors that affect the selection of financing option/source. Tax shield or benefit is different in case of short and long term sources of finance (Ujwary-Gil 2011). Financial Risk and Outside Intervention: Financial risk and outside intervention in the companys affairs is also considered while deciding the source of finance. Internal sources of finance are comparatively less risky than external sources of finance. Moreover, raised funds from creditors induce probability of high outside intervention and high chances of information threat (Ujwary-Gil 2011). New equity financial options including retained profits, bank loans and debentures are the commonly preferred options having low financial risk. BP and Sources of Finance On the basis of the above discussed financial areas concerned for loan, it is being evaluated that whether BP would lend 10% of the total net assets as a ten year loan or not. The debt position of BP shows high sufficient margin for creditors due to increased stake of equity holders. As looking to the debt/equity ratio, it is analysed that the proportion of debt into equity has been decreased over the period of 2010 to 2012, which is indicated from the decreased value of the debt/equity ratio. It was 1.866 in 2010 that decreased to 1.62 in 2011 and 1.53 in 2012 (Yahoo Finance) that shows year on year improvement in the debt position of BP. As concerned to the liquidity position, BPs efficiency to pay short term obligations has slightly improved from 1.12 in 2010 to 1.43 in 2012. Despite the improvement in liquidity position, BPs ability to payoff short term debts on its due date is not satisfactory as per the standard ratio of 2:1. On the other hand, BP Company has enough liquid assets as compare to the industry average and thus, granting a bank loan to the company for a period of ten years is not risky for the lending organisation. Market reputation of BP is quite good which is evident from increased net revenues. Over the long term, granting 10% of the total assets (300,193,000*10%) i.e. 30,019,300 (Yahoo finance) for 10 years is profitable over the long run. Profitability of the company has declined as compare to the previous year as its expenditure has increased (Yahoo Finance). In the long run, BPs plan of expansion in Gulf would lead in gaining more and more profits and it is expected that the net income of the company will increased due to its improved debt position and good market reputation. Overall, it is concluded that ten year loan of 30,019,300 will be lend to BP as its financial position is showing improvement year on year and thereby, it is expected that the position of the company will also turn up in the long run. Conclusion In this report, analysis of last two annual reports for BP Corporation has been done. Most of the financial ratios used to conduct the company analysis have indicated that the company has a moderate financial position. The financial leverage position of the company is not satisfactory because earning before interest and tax is enough to cover all the interest expenses. In spite of huge profits made in the last two years, a return to dividend declared has remained low. A company that relies heavily on the internal sources of finance is less likely to declare high dividends as compared to those that rely on the external sources of finance, for example, loans. Desire to retain high liquidity levels are yet another reason why BP declared little dividends in fiscal 2011. The other section of report discussed some sources of finance to the company. It has been noticed that cash flows, financial accounting, liquidity, and need for cash are some areas the company need to consider before choosing a certain source of finance. Company is able to generate enough cash flow to pay dividends, undertake new investment projects, and maintain good liquidity ratios that attract lenders. Additionally, lenders will be keen on the financial accounting process of borrowers. Audited financial statements provide good information to a potential lender and company also has enough return to pay all the interest expenses. Therefore, lenders can provide bank loan for 10 years based on its net assets. Reference: Blackden, R. 2013. BP Urged to Keep Up Gulf Expansion. The Telegraph. BP PLC ADS. 2013. BP PLC. 2013.Bp. 2012. Annual Report and Form 20-F 2012.BP. 2013.Brigham, E. F. and Ehrhardt, M. C. 2011. Financial Management: Theory and Practice. Mason: Cengage Learning.Buckle, M.J., Buckle, M. and Thompson, J. 2004 . The UK Financial System. 4th ed. New York: Manchester University Press. Bull, R. 2007. Financial Ratios: How to use financial ratios to maximise value and success for your business'. UK: Elsevier.Chevron Corp CVX 2013. Morning Star Key Ratios.Ezenwa, E. 2013. Some Factors Bank Managers Consider Before Granting LoansAvailable at: Gtze, U., Northcott, D. and Schuster, P. 2007. Investment Appraisal: Methods and Models. Springer. Houston, J.F. and Brigham, E.F. 2009. Fundamentals of Financial Management. Cengage Learning.

Generation Outsource Ricardian Model Indian -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Generation Outsource Ricardian Model Indian? Answer: Introduction The report is made with respect to a five star hotel -The Sydney Novatel which had been employing own staff for cleaning the Hotels accommodation rooms and other areas of the hotel. There has been a decision of outsourcing the cleaning activities of the hotel, so the benefits and drawbacks of outsourcing have been discussed in the report. Its not easy to discuss outsourcing in the hospitality business, because the hotel product is dependent on aspects that hoteliers cannot manage forever (Espino-Rodrguez Lai, 2014). A few times, the hotel cannot take up the workload and they feel a need to subcontract dedicated firms that offer high-quality services. Moreover, a hotel has huge fixed costs. To keep a hotel running means that there hotel will have a fixed charge regardless of if there are guests visiting the hotel or not. Workforce will need to work daily and, thus, compensated with a salary. With the intention of managing these costs, hoteliers may choose to subcontract a few activities so that fixed expenses become variable expenses. Factors for utilizing outsourcing procedures in the Hotel business The competition for services demands as of hotels is growing up each year thus there is a need to expand the effectiveness and to limit the costs (Al-Kassem, 2017). The primary point of the management of The Sydney Novatel must be to make business successful, i.e. generating the utmost gains with costs optimization. However, the assets and gear economy isn't sufficient, likewise the vast element of costs is remuneration paid to staff of the hotel. To take care of this issue, outsourcing is a solution which allows transferring some of the activities of The Sydney Novatel to external firm. Moreover, it gives a guarantee to management that the work will be done in timely manner and as per requirements. In case the work is not done properly then the same can be outsourced to any other business without any hassles to hire and fire workers (Wanchoo, 2010). Advantages of outsourcing activities Reduction of costs is the primary aim for which The Sydney Novatel can think about outsourcing its functions, for example housekeeping. As per research and studies into hotel industry, there has been over 25% decline in labour expenses in the hotels in which housekeeping was subcontracted (Lamminmaki, 2011). Besides the housekeeping division generally has the maximum turnover rate of workers. Outsourcing the personnel assists in decreasing not only the direct wages and expenses, but also the recruitment and training expenses. Most of the staffing firms operate on the basis of contracts and get paid on a fixed monthly basis, so there will be no variations on monthly basis. Outsourcing of a division such as housekeeping too allows the management to concentrate on guest facilities and marketing (Sharda Chatterjee, 2011). Despite the fact that guests observe the outcomes of a housekeepers job, they dont intermingle with guests in the manner a front desk staff or waitress does. And getting some outside staffs isnt a bad thing all the time for both- other hotel employees or the outsourced employees. There are a few benefits offered by Outsourcing like: allowing the present employees to focus on key activities on business interests, concentration on accomplishment of main strategic objectives, lessening or steadying the overhead expenses, and thus achieving cost benefit over the competitors, giving flexibility in reaction to changing market environment, and Reducing investment in advanced technology (Gewald, 2010). Outsourcing has various benefits for different industries and not only for the hotel and hospitality industry. The major advantage is that outsourcing permits to give complete focus and resources to the major areas of the hotel and the noncore areas can be outsourced to other business. Along these lines, organization will have upper hand. Likewise redistribution and optimum utilization of staffs of the organization will be conceivable. Another preferred benefit is that lesser material is needed (Gold, 2012). Usually the outsourced acts are less expensive than the maintenance of own division for carrying out some tasks. It is due to lower expenses incurred by the outsourcer as the assigned task is part of its particular specialization. Furthermore, by utilizing outsourcing, organizations can obtain advancements and the choice of higher quality level which may not be there with The Sydney Novatel. Other than this there is a probability of utilizing particular capacities which no one bu t specialists can do. Additionally it is essential to keep in mind about passing on of all duties of the allotted capacities to outsourcer. By outsourcing, there is permanent decrease of fixed costs (Leahy Montagna, 2011). It's the primary preferred benefit of outsourcing, as it will empower The Sydney Novatel keep running with the costs of what is utilized by visitors, and that's it. This implies The Sydney Novatel can employ the services of another organization as per its workload. It will allow The Sydney Novatel to provide with high quality of specialized goods and/or services. Experts will offer The Sydney Novatel with the most ideal goods or services for instance, with regards to planning the promotion and advertising of any sort, the experts can do that more efficiently and that too at low cost. Nowadays, it is very common that hospitality management operates hand in hand with expertise (Edward, 2012). The firms which have expertise in technology services for the hospitality business will offer The Sydney Novatel with particular software (programs and applications) to deal with allowances, arrange storehouses, or manage other internal procedures. If The Sydney Novatel does not outsource IT management, it can be truly costly, as The Sydney Novatel would have to employ software developers and different experts to work at the hotel. Apparently, expenses would increase a lot if The Sydney Novatel creates its own solutions. Disadvantages of outsourcing activities One of the drawbacks is that The Sydney Novatel might lose control. It is tough for the businesses to trust the third-party. This can be a stronger case of losing control in case of services. The services enjoyed by the guests at The Sydney Novatel are described by simultaneity, that is, the services are produced when they have to be used, so it is quite hard to control quality. The outsourced service-providers have to be extremely vigilant with this, particularly when they are specifically managing clients. They should make a decent attempt to prevent depersonalization. Another drawback is that the outsourcing brings inadequate alliance. There's an actual threat that aims and other key factors are not accurately adjusted. Interior communication within a business is complicated, yet necessary (Alvarez-Galvan, 2012). At the point when there are outside specialists taking part in this procedure, The Sydney Novatel needs to ensure that the targets are precisely conveyed and communication takes place in both directions. In some cases, hoteliers are hesitant to provide important information to external firms. On the specialized level, these details have to be secure. Indeed, the most crucial details involve- the buildings technical security. There might be hesitancy in terms of trustworthiness, privacy and accessibility. This is the reason The Sydney Novatel might want to handle its data itself and might not want to share with the external business. There is also a risk of decrease in employee morale. Rahman Kamarulzaman (2010) regard the impact on employee confidence as one of the main risks of outsourcing. It is also believed that outsourcing forever leads to shifting/ dismissal of workers. Conclusion Outsourcing, or not outsourcing, is a choice that is dependent upon the kind of hotel and the mindset of every hotelier. There are altogether different services that can be outsourced however the most sensitive ones are those which specifically include customers, such as clothing, cleaning and janitorial facilities, eatery, and so on (Olson, 2013). Whatever the case is, it's not a simple choice to be made, and the main point is to maintain balance between the hotel's own particular assets and outside assets. However, looking at the given benefits and drawbacks of the outsourcing, it is advised that The Sydney Novatel outsources (Subcontracts) some of its activities. The externalized services will add to the hotel's effectiveness while other functions can be kept under the control of the management of The Sydney Novatel. It will precisely allow the Sydney Novatel to get two major benefits which are of competitive advantage and ability to segregate the activities into core and non-core , and finally focusing on the core ones. Reference Al-Kassem, A. (2017). Recruitment and Selection Practices in Business Process Outsourcing Industry.Archives Of Business Research,5(3). Alvarez-Galvan, J. (2012).Outsourcing and service work in the new economy. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Edward, Y. (2011).Outsource. Boston: Pearson. Espino-Rodrguez, T., Lai, P. (2014). Activity outsourcing and competitive strategy in the hotel industry. The moderator role of asset specificity.International Journal Of Hospitality Management,42, 9-19. Gewald, H. (2010). The perceived benefits of business process outsourcing.Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal,3(2), 89-105. Gold, T. (2012).Ethics in IT outsourcing. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Lamminmaki, D. (2011). An examination of factors motivating hotel outsourcing.International Journal Of Hospitality Management,30(4), 963-973. Leahy, D., Montagna, C. (2011). Economising, Strategising and the Decision to Outsource.SSRN Electronic Journal. Olson, R. (2013). Does It Make Sense to Outsource Utility Operations?.Opflow, 26-27. Rahman, M., Kamarulzaman, Y. (2010). A framework of outsourcing relationship marketing: a focus on the Malaysian hotel industry.International Journal Of Electronic Customer Relationship Management,4(1), 4. Sharda, K., Chatterjee, L. (2011). Configurations of outsourcing firms and organizational performance.Strategic Outsourcing: An International Journal,4(2), 152-178. Wanchoo, R. (2010). Fourth Generation Outsourcing Ricardian Model on Indian Outsourcing Industry and Need For Next Generation Outsourcing.Prabandhan: Indian Journal Of Management,3(1), 13.