Just Walk On By Black Men And Public Space Essay

In the present scenario, the main challenge of our society is the stereotype that exists. One of the common stereotypes is that we deem black men as dangerous. Most people grow up with such a perception and feel it be true. In ‘Just Walk on by: Black Men and Public Space’ Brent Staples describes the way black men are perceived as dangerous individuals to society by his own experiences. He rightly acknowledges the occasional hatred that black men are subjected to in everyday social situations. Staples begins his writing with an anecdote using an ironic tone, describing the concerns successfully with emotional and logical appeals in chronological order. He aims to see the problems from the white American perspective and he makes efforts so as to clear their concerns with ease through the use of diction, ironic tone, ethos pathos. Primarily, this paper is structured as a cause and effect essay as he narrates his personal experience, reinforcing his message and making the audience realize his viewpoints. In his article, Staples takes out all of his frustrations of being treated as a criminal throughout the passage. Firstly, Staples express the fear a white woman faced when she felt a young,broad six feet two inches black man with a beard and billowing hair was menacingly close. He continues by stating more incidents he experienced as a teenager, as a journalist and so on where people (mostly women) panicked imagining him as a mugger or a rapist. Furthermore, the authorShow MoreRelatedJust Walk On By : Black Men And Public Space1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe portrait of black men that people have had in their mind for many decades has narrowed their vision about black men and has automatically affected black men’s identity. When it comes to black people, one already has a picture in his or her mind and dr aws a conclusion about how black people have to look and how they will act. After I read the essay entitled, â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space,† written by Brent Staples, in which he talks about the fearsomeness mistakenly given to himRead MoreJust Walk On By Black Men And Public Space By Brent Staples1433 Words   |  6 PagesJust walk on by Black Men and Public Space by Brent Staples is an interesting and captivating piece of writing. His publication captures one s interest and makes a person think about the role of prejudice in his or her daily interactions. It is full of metaphors, which achieves the desired figurative effect. The Declaration of Independence, on the other hand, is the founding document of the traditions of the politics of the United States (Lucas). It clearly explains the fundamental ideas that constituteRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of `` Just Walk On By `` Black Men And Public Space ``1069 Words   |  5 Pagesprejudice, Brent Staple wr ote Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space. Throughout this essay he explains his personal experience in public spaces and the stereotypes he has faced. Since society has deeply embedded their views of â€Å"blacks,† just their presence induces fear and causes unnecessary feelings and emotions to arise. Staples presents no anger in his decision to alter his actions and his appearance to ease those around him despite his skin tone. Societal views on blacks are based on reputationsRead Moreâ€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space† by Brent Staples1449 Words   |  6 Pages In Brent Staples’ Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space, Staples describes the issues, stereotypes, and criticisms he faces being a black man in public surroundings. Staples initiates his perspective by introducing the audience in to thinking he is committing a crime, but eventually reveals how the actions taken towards him are because of the fear linked to his labelled stereotypes of being rapists, gangsters and muggers. Staples continues to unfold the audience from a 20 year old experienceRead MoreJust Walk On By : Black Men And Public Space By Brent Staples1067 Words   |  5 Pageswriter for the New York Times. His writing is mostly on political issues, cultural issues and controversies including races. In one of his essay written in 1986 which was published in Ms. Magazine â€Å"Just Walk on By: Black Men and Public Space,† Brent Staples explains about his personal experience being black in an American society. Author wants his reader to understand that we a re living in a culture with is constantly becoming violent and dangerous. Staples in his essay is gathering sympathy from hisRead MoreJust Walk On By Brent Staples Analysis740 Words   |  3 Pagesmost public sidewalks, stores, and churches are open to all sorts of people, certain types of individuals are treated like outcasts because of their race. In â€Å"Just Walk On By,† Brent Staples explains how his presence makes others scared and uncomfortable because of the assumptions put on black men. Staples tries various tactics, such as whistling and walking faster, in order to deal the way others act towards him. Staples isnt the only one to experience the power of altering public spaces. At theRead MoreBlack Men and Public Space841 Words   |  4 PagesBlack Men and Public Space Essay In Brent Staples’ personal essay â€Å"Black Men and Public Space†, he tells the readers what happen to a young black man in an urban setting. He pinpointed that people often stereotype you because of color, race, gender, culture or appearance. In addition, the author expresses to us that he notices the space between him and other people, such as women on the street. Some people may disagree that women set a certain amount of space when walking by a black man on theRead MoreAnalysis Of Brent Staples s Black Men Of Public Spaces And Issa Rae The Struggle1237 Words   |  5 PagesStaples’s â€Å"Black Men in Public Spaces† and Issa Rae â€Å"The Struggle† Staple’s â€Å"Black Men in Public Spaces† and Rae’s â€Å"The Struggle† address misperceptions with ethnicity. Staples and Rae share similar circumstances making it easy to understand each viewpoint. Culture settings and gender define the authors’ differences. Both essays give the readers different perceptions of African Americans’ lives. Staples starts the essay writing about how his skin color has a negative change on the public perspectiveRead MoreYoung Black Male850 Words   |  4 PagesSummary of Black Men and Public Space Staples Brent in â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† described the difficulties that a young black male may encounter during his ordinary life. It is explained that, even if you are a well-educated citizen, but you are a black man—more than six feet height with a not shaved face—you could face unfair prejudice and judgment all the time in street. At the very beginning of the article Brent start with â€Å"My first victim was a woman—white, well-dressed, probably in herRead MoreAnalysis Of Just Walk On By : A Black Man Ponders His Power To Alter Public Space1456 Words   |  6 Pagesbegan to know the unwieldy inheritance I’d come into – the ability to alter public space in ugly ways.† Just Walk On By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space, was written by Brent Staples. Staples was born in 1951 in Chester, Pennsylvania. He graduated Widener University with a B.A and the University of Chicago with a Ph.D. in psychology. Stap les worked to correct the myth that the American stereotype of black people are defined only by poverty, violence, and crime. To white people,

Why I Chose This Picture - 1187 Words

America is commonly referred to as the veritable â€Å"melting pot.† Individuals from all walks of life come to the U.S. in the hopes of achieving the American Dream. What began as a land of indigenous people has matured into a haven for cultural diversity. For the most part, these differences have strengthened the country. Nowhere else on Earth can a citizen enjoy French cuisine, partake in Chinese New Year festivities, and listen to live performances of Jamaican reggae all in the same day, in the same city. It is important to note, however, that this diversity is not without its flaws. Racial tensions still exist in modern America, despite considerable social progress since its inchoate stages. Even if racism may not be as obvious as it has†¦show more content†¦Although society encourages all of us to embrace diversity, it was hard to do so when I first moved to South Dakota. As my picture shows, I was one of the very few Asians at my school, and it was not easy try ing to simply blend in. Humans may collectively condemn judgments based on skin color, but it really is inevitable for visual creatures like ourselves. Though my white classmates did not show their sentiments outright, they regarded me as an outsider. They were not familiar with the Asian culture or people, so they took the convenient route to figure out my identity – stereotyping. I was expected to excel at math, be buried in textbooks and SAT study guides all day, and act awkwardly among my peers. Whenever I did not fit the Asian â€Å"mold,† they were genuinely surprised and even threatened. I wanted my identity to be judged upon my individuality, accomplishments, and characteristics. Instead, my Asian heritage consumed the entirety of my identity. I was not â€Å"Doha Kang† in their eyes. I was â€Å"that one Asian kid.† For those who have not been part of a minority, discrimination may be very hard to imagine. After all, even the U.S. Constitution promises equality for everyone, regardless of race, gender, and most recently, sexual orientation. Let it be known that racial prejudice is very real. It is not something the media has made up to garner attention. There is racism everywhere, even in the places one least expects. Universities are an excellent example,

Get all about Employee Law And Relations

Question: Identify the good practices related with the management of disciplinary matters in organizations? Answer: Introduction: This assignment discusses the good practices in relation to the management of disciplinary procedures in organizations and explores with the aid of ACAS Code of practice and also the models like the CIPD guidelines. Furthermore, the first part of the assignment discusses the challenges that are present in organizations in relations to the disciplinary processes and practices and have been explored. For this purpose, the key components of a fair disciplinary process have been discussed and some of the challenges that can be faced by the organizations in their attempt to implement a disciplinary process in the organization have also been evaluated. At the same time, recent case law has also been discussed to find out the good practice principles that have been discussed by the courts in these cases. For this purpose, the ACAS Code of Practice provides guidelines to the employers regarding the disciplinary and grievance procedures that need to be adopted by them while dealing with issues that may arise at workplace. It also needs to be noted that although failures on the part of employers to follow those procedure may not make the employer liable for proceedings, but the employment tribunal may note this fact when it is meditating on particular case (ACAS, 2004). It is also worth mentioning that certain challenges may be present regarding the disciplinary practices and procedures that need to be adopted by the employers for the purpose of dealing with these matters. CIPD or the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development also provides definitive and impartial point of view to policymakers and opinion formers. Before proceeding further, it may be helpful to briefly describe what is the meaning of disciplinary and grievance procedures in this context. For this purpose, these procedures are the frameworks that help the employers and employees by providing a clear structure that can be used for the purpose of dealing with the issues arising at the workplace (Kelly, 1998). A large number of HR professionals are wondering why they have to deal with so many time-consuming and costly grievance and disciplinary processes. For example, in a recent report by the CIPD which was titled as conflict management: a shift in direction?, It was found that 47% of of the organizations had trained line managers to deal with "difficult conversations" or to handle conflict. It was also the method to deal with one race issues that revealed the greatest rise in the frequency of use. Therefore, the use of disciplinary action arguments procedure has increased by 29% and 28% respectively. Instead of HR professionals, the line managers are in the best position to find out the potential conflict situations in their teams but they may not have the competence or the competence to intervene. The result is that we may either avoid the issue and eventually becomes out of control. On the other hand, the early interventions by the line managers may backfire as a result of their lack o f skills. The ACAS Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures provides practical guidance that can be used for handling these issues at the workplace. However, according to the good practices that have been mentioned by the ACAS Code of Practice, it is required that the employers should make sure that all the employees of the organization are treated in the same way under similar circumstances. At the same time, these good practices also require that it is very important for the employers to deal with these matters reasonably and in a fair way (Cully et al., 1999). According to this good practices related with the disciplinary procedures, it is also require that all the applicable laws are followed by the employers and at the same time, the employers also follow the Code of Practice. At this point, it also needs to be mentioned that in most of the cases, the employers have their own procedures to deal with disciplinary matters but these were procedures generally comply with the Code (Law Society, 2008). The CIPD believes that several issues escalate rapidly due to the reason that the employees are too quick in asserting their rights when generally it is simply a case of two people not getting on as a result of ineffective communication. Under such circumstances, the best way is to talk about the underlying reason of conflict. This is also done by the qualified mediators, in a more structured way, however the line managers who have the right skills can also deal with lower levels of conflict equally successfully. The important skills that are required in this regard are active listening, impartiality and effective questioning. At the same time, these procedures should also help the employers in taking appropriate and timely action, whenever required. In this regard, it is also required that the procedure adopted by employers should allow both the employees and employers to agree regarding the appropriate tools as well as the timescale for making improvements regarding the performance or the conduct of an employee (Davies and Freedland, 2007). The disciplinary procedure adopted by the employers should also help in dealing with these matters without taking the help of external processes related resolving disputes or without the need for taking recourse to employment tribunal. Another significant thing is that with the help of the procedure adopted by the employer, it can be established before an employment tribunal that the procedure has been followed by the employer in a case where an employee had made a complaint before the tribunal regarding the way, the employee was dismissed from service by the organiza tion. In this part, certain examples from relevant cases have been discussed with a view to identifying good practice principles. For example, in O'Farrill v New Manage Ltd t/a Hooks Gym London Shootfighters (2011), it was decided by the court that the employer had to clearly explain the alleged misconduct to the employee, during the disciplinary process. At the same time, good practices also require that the employer should remain constant regarding the accusation made by it against the employee throughout the proceedings (Law Society, 2008). As a result, if any new allegations have been discovered by the employer while the disciplinary proceedings are already going on against the employee, such allegations can be made a part of the disciplinary process but in such a case, it is very significant that the disciplinary sanctions that are imposed against the employee are only based on the allegations that have been appropriately investigated and at the same time, only if they have been broug ht to the notice of the employee during the proceedings (Kelly, 1998). Another significant case related with good practices regarding disciplinary procedures is that of Campbell v Mitie Managed Services Ltd. (2009). The issue in this case was that the employee was denied the right to be accompanied during disciplinary proceedings. In this regard, it needs to be noted that although this is a statutory right of employees, still the ACAS Code reminds the employers that they should allow the employees to be accompanied at the disciplinary proceedings. Therefore, the court stated that whenever the employee has been invited to attend any disciplinary or grievance proceeding and such an employee had reasonably requested the employer to allow him or her to be accompanied during these proceedings, the requests should be granted by the employer (Behfar, Mannix and Peterson, 2011). In the same way, in Bentley v Supertravel Omnibus Ltd (2010), the court has stated that in order to have a best chance to successfully defend the claim made in the employment tribunal, clear record should be present with the employers regarding each stage of the disciplinary process. On the other hand, if the witnesses only have to rely on their memory, the court stated that it is very easy for the claimant to point out discrepancies in the evidence (Gibbons, 2007). In this part of the assignment, the policies, procedures and practices related with the disciplinary process adopted by Boots UK have been analyzed. In order to deal with these issues, the company has a Code of Conduct and Business Ethics. This Code provides the principles and standards that need to be upheld by all the employees and other stakeholders and at the same time, they should be adopted and applied by the company in all its dealings including the dealings of the company with its employees. At the same time, although detailed guidelines have been provided by the Code, still in the employee is not sure regarding the appropriate course of action in a particular situation, the employees encouraged to seek guidance. In view of the Code of Practice adopted by Boots UK, it may we recognize that for the purpose of operating effectively, the organizations are required to establish standards related performance and conduct and these may include company rules regarding these matters. In this context, it needs to be noted that there are several potential issues that can be generally resolved by the parties, informally (Gibbons, 2007). For example, in case of issues related with unsatisfactory performance or issues involving minor misconduct can be usually resolved with the help of informal processes. It has been seen that in such cases, avoid with the employee can significantly help in improving the performance or the conduct that particular employee. Regarding the code of conduct that has been adopted by BOOTS UK, it can be said that it is in accordance with the Code of Conduct that has been provided by ACAS and fulfills the requirements related with ensuring fairness in these matters. Are the same ti me, the court also provides a standard of reasonable behavior that can be applied in most of the cases. In this way, it can be said that the Code adopted by the company can help the organization and its employees in effectively dealing with disciplinary matters arising at the workplace (Bennett, 2014). In this regard, there is another significant matter that needs to be noted. For example, the employees have been provided with a statutory right to be accompanied by a trade union representative or a colleague during the disciplinary meetings. On the other hand, if the employer is not satisfied with the decision, they should also follow the appeals procedure present in the organization (Lewis and Simpson, 1981). It also needs to be mentioned in this context that although the law does not prescribe any particular form for conducting a disciplinary meeting, still the ACAS Code of Practice provides basic guidance regarding the disciplinary and grievance matters. In this regard, the principles related with the handling of disciplinary situations at the workplace have been provided in the Code. The disciplinary rules that are applicable in Boots Ltd include the matter is related with the kind of employees, time keeping, health and safety, absence and in the same way, it also covers the use of Internet and telephones by the employees (Conway and Briner, 2005). Therefore, it is clear that during the disciplinary meeting, the employees have been provided with a statutory right to be accompanied. This right has also been recognized by the company in the present case. As a result, whenever an employee has been invited by the company to attend a meeting related with the disciplinary issue, the employee can make a request to be accompanied by a colleague or a trade union representative. On the other hand, the manager hearing the allegations during the meeting can also be accompanied by a professional advisor. On the basis of the decision given in John-Charles v NHS Business Services Authority, certain conclusions and recommendations can be made in this case. Therefore it can be concluded in this case that the employers are always required to make sure that all relevant matters in case of a disciplinary decision are fully explained to the employees. In the same way, the employers are also required to ensure that an opportunity has been provided to the employee to make a representation regarding all the relevant issues. In case where the hearing had been finished and an issue becomes relevant, while earlier it was not considered as relevant, the employers should reconvene the hearing and in this way, an opportunity should be provided to the employee to present their side of the story (Gibbons, 2007). On the other hand, if this is not done, it is likely that an employment tribunal may arrive at the conclusion that the dismissal of the employee was unfair. In view of this decision, it also becomes clear that the employers are required to follow the principles of natural justice. For example in this case, the appeal was allowed by the EAT on the grounds of natural justice, as in this case, the claimant was told by the employer that sanctions will be considered only after appointing has been made regarding the disciplinary allegations but the employee was not advise regarding the importance assumed by the warning and in the same way, the employee was not provided an opportunity to make representations regarding that point. As a result, although a right of appeal was later on provided to the employee but it did not answer the question if the decision of the employer to dismiss the employee can be considered unfair as a result of this breach of the principles of natural justice (Gibbons, 2007). Therefore, on the basis of the decision given by the Employment Appeals Tribunal, it can be concluded that it is very important that the disciplinary proceedings adopted by the employers also fulfill the requirements of natural justice. Conclusion In the present assignment, in first part, the key components related with a fair disciplinary process have been analyzed, particularly with the help of ACAS Code and other models. After evaluating the challenges that may be faced in the implementation of disciplinary processes in an organization, relevant examples have been discussed from the case law in which the courts have identified good practice principles related with disciplinary proceedings (CIPD, 2013). In the next part of the assignment, the policies, procedures and practices adopted by Boot UK regarding the disciplinary processes have been analyzed. Are the same time, any potential tension that may arise between the other HR policies have been explored and in light of the decision given in John-Charles v NHS Business Services Authority, certain conclusions and recommendations have been made for the company. References ACAS (2004) Code of Practice on Disciplinary and grievance procedures Behfar, K., Mannix, E. And Peterson, R. (2011) Conflict in small groups: the meaning and consequences of process conflict. Small Group Research. Vol 42, No 2, April. pp127176 Bennett, T. (2014) The role of workplace mediation: a critical assessment. Personnel Review. Vol 43, No 5. pp76477 Conway, N. And Briner, R. (2005) Understanding psychological contracts at work: a critical evaluation of theory and research. Oxford: Oxford University Press Cully, M., Woodland, S., OReilly, A., and Dix, G. (1999), Britain at Work, London, Routledge. Davies, P and Freedland, M. (2007) Towards a Flexible Labour Market: Labour Legislation and Regulation since the 1990s, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Gibbons, M. (2007) Better Dispute Resolution. A review of employment dispute resolution in Great Britain. London, Dti. Gibbons, M. (2007) Better dispute resolution: a review of employment dispute resolution in Great Britain. London: Department of Trade and Industry. Kelly, J. (1998), Rethinking Industrial Relations, London, Routledge. Law Society (2008), Draft ACAS Code of Practice on discipline and grievance. Response to the consultation Lewis, R. and Simpson, B. (1981) Striking a Balance? Employment Law after the 1980 Act, Oxford, Martin Robinson Chartered Institute Of Personnel And Development. (2013) Real-life leaders: closing the knowingdoing gap [online]. Research report. London: CIPD.

Role of Education for National Development free essay sample

I present these thoughts as a private citizen of Fiji, as one who has some concern for this issue; so in sharing these thoughts with you I admit that I am not an educationist, and really do not have any professional justification for speaking on this subject. All I can claim for myself, however, is an interest in the subject of education in the broadest sense of the word. My father used to tell me that education does not only mean that we go to school; a man is continually educated until the day he dies. I think we all have some appreciation of the deep meaning of that statement, for education means a change in mans conduct of life. It means the upgrading of a mans ability to choose the best alternative available in any circumstance he faces. It means the development of the person to prepare him to adopt the best approach to a problem at any given time. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Education for National Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Education may be broadly defined as adjustment ability to a changing situation and environment. We all know that experience is the greatest educationist of all.   In approaching this subject, may we first examine some basic elements of society and try to determine the place of education as one of the fundamental elements of any community. Then we will examine the way education relates and interacts with other elements within that society. Then we might look, with that picture in mind, at Fijis multi-racial context and bring out some of the basic differences which contribute to some of the problems facing education and adjustment in Fiji today. Then we shall quickly and broadly analyse one or two basic problems and needs in order to formulate some objectives and the possible role of education in national development. The analysis is by no means comprehensive but readers can add to it. I choose to speak more on the operational, people level and I hope that in doing so it will synchronise with the national level. I think that anthropologists agree that there are five basic institutions upon which all human societies are built — the family, and religious, economic, administrative and educational institutions. Each is important in its own right as well as in its relationship with the others and each plays an important role in the total life of society. The Family Base In the Bible it says that all was good about creation except the loneliness of Adam; so God created a helpmeet for him, that is, a woman to stand alongside him, to share his life with him and to share their lives together. Thus the family is the first active, positive creation of God in society and it is the basic unit of any society and of any nation. People are born, bred and die within the family. That is where they receive their first education. So the parents are the first teachers of the children. The Religious Base When the patriarchs disobeyed Gods law he banished them; but man could not do without fellowship with the supreme being. He desired to return to God so religion was born out of mans consciousness and need for fellowship with God in whatever form worship may take. The Economic Base Under the sweat of your face you shall eat bread till you return into the ground. Man has to work for his livelihood. The Administrative Base The institutions of administration arose out of the need to maintain law and order at all the various levels of society. The Educational Base This is the seat of knowledge that enables man to adjust constantly to the changing environment. He has certainly progressed a long way within this world. Education is more than an economic investment: it is an essential input upon which life, development and the survival of man depend. Each of the five institutions mentioned functions in balance and interacts with others with positive and negative effects, depending on the weighting and emphasis that they are given in the social process. So the upbringing of children within the family must have a profound effect on the economic, administrative and educational life of the society; and so on. One could go on 24 and examine the relationship and the interaction of the five institutions. Suffice it to say that the healthy development of society as a whole depends upon a balance among them. Before foreign influences came to Fiji, the Fijians lived in and through their own culture in their own little societies and institutions. Early discoverers like Tasman, Cook, etc. , put Fiji on the map, thus creating world-wide interest in these islands. Rapid change occurred when Charles Savage and other missionaries came to Fiji. This contact profoundly affected the nature of the various, established institutions giving rise to faster changes in each one of them. For instance, the administrative change in Fiji in October 1874 affected the economic, educational and religious development of the Fijian way of life. New life-styles in the family, for example, were introduced by non-Fijians, and these diffused, interacted and mingled with Fijian ones. The effect of nonFijian social and economical policies created serious consequences and continues to this day. There was cross-cultural interaction with all its give and take. The Colonial Administration played a key role in the speed and direction f the process of change from that time on. The three main ethnic groups in Fiji differ culturally but each is based on the same human institutions. However, the Fijian culture operates almost in the opposite direction to non-Fijian cultures. For instance, the Fijian family system has a highly extended kinship pattern; the non-Fijian family is more nuclear or individual in nature. Fijians worshipped ancestral gods and then later became Christians; non-Fijians were either already Christians or of non-Christian religions. Economically the Fijian traditional system of share and care is quite different from the more individualistic, acquisitive, personal benefit approach of non-Fijians. Fijians are more strongly communal than is the more individual ­ istic, commercial and legal society of non-Fijian people. Fijian leadership is based on traditional hierarchical order, other leadership patterns on more functional means and merit. The Fijian system of kerekere is quite different from the system of loan with interest. Those are just some of the basic problems that education in Fiji has to deal with — within the context of a National Development Programme. AIMS Fiji became politically independent in 1970. It has been said that the political 25 objectives of Fiji can be summarized as follows: economic progress; even distribution of income; racial harmony; and maintenance of law and order. When one looks at Fijis Educational Plan one may personally be impressed and endorse its worthy objectives; but it may appear very abstract since it is designed and based on long-term objectives. If, however, it is accepted that the four main political objectives in Fiji are broadly those which I have just related, then it would be proper to look for those educational policies and programmes which clearly bring out the role of education in national development. So education policies must be related to the political objectives and development in Fiji, or any other country. We all know that it is the responsibility of everyone in a country to educate; whether we are parents, adults, children, or teachers, in the public or private sector, education is the responsibility of everyone. Education on whose terms? Western civilization? Fijian culture? A Fiji pattern? When we see unemployment and the general problems of youth in this country we all agree that these are areas which need to be deeply examined and analysed especially in relation to our education system. One can continue to list the problems and needs of national education. But however we see the needs and problems, most of us would agree that the role of education is to help provide the opportunity for all people to develop as fully as possible.

Lorrana bobbit essays

Lorrana bobbit essays The Lorena Bobbitt story is one that really points out some of Freuds theories no the id and ego battles that go on inside a person head. Lorena the battered, abused, and many times raped wife of John Wayne Bobbitt, had just had enough of the way she was being by her husband so one night following the impulses of her id she cut off her husbands penis, ignoring her ego that helps a person behave within social norms. She said that she was thinking about all the things that her husband had done to her and that it drove her temporally insane and so she cut it off so he would leave her alone. The jury bought her story and she was acquitted. Are there times in our life when we are truly not responsible for the things we do? Or did the jury in this case just think John Wayne was a jerk that deserved it? We may never know for sure but there or other storys where people have clamed the same as Lorena and been charged lets look at a few. How about the time told crime of Lizzy Borden who took an axe and gave her mother forty wakes, when she saw what she had done she gave her father forty-one. She was never convicted of the crime but what could have caused her to do such a thing, did she like Lorena Bobbitt just get feed up with the way she was being treated? Can the way someone treats you even justify a violent act? According to the Bobbitt case it can. But lets look at a local case in the same realm; but that the courts did not allow the perpetrator go free. Two young boys playing on their Sony Play station, one boy gets mad that the other keeps beating him so, that night he takes a knife from his mothers kitchen and stabs the other boy repeatedly while he sleeps. Does this young boy fall under the same temporary insanity that Lorena did? Yes, according to his lawyer but no, according to the Jury. Maybe it depends on whether people can see doing it them self ...

Columbus State University Admission Requirements

Columbus State University Admission Requirements Columbus State University Admissions Overview: Even though a significant percentage of applicants to Columbus State do not get in, admission is not overly selective and most students with decent grades and SAT/ACT scores will be admitted. The Columbus State application gives students an opportunity to explain why they want to attend, but in general admission is not holistic and is based largely on empirical measures such as grades, core courses taken, class rank, and standardized test scores. Admissions Data (2016): Columbus State University Acceptance Rate: 53%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 430 / 550SAT Math: 430 / 540SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 17  / 23ACT English: 17 / 24ACT Math: 17 / 23ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers mean Columbus State University Description: Columbus State University is a four-year, public university located in Columbus, Georgia. The university offers more than 100 majors and academic tracks between the College of the Arts, College of Education and Health Professions, College of Letters and Sciences, Turner College of Business, TSYS School of Computer Science, Schwob School of Music and School of Nursing. Academics are supported by an 18 to 1 student / faculty ratio. Columbus State students stay busy outside of the classroom the university is home to plenty of intramurals, seven fraternities, eight sororities, and more than 110 student clubs and organizations, including the Beyond the Runway club, the American Sign Language club, and the Campus Nerds. On the athletic front, the CSU Cougars compete in the NCAA Division II Peach Belt Conference (PBC) with sports such as men’s and women’s golf, cross country, and tennis. The rifle team competes at the Division I level. The university also offers several club sports including Martial Arts, Shotgun Club, and Bass Fishing. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 8,407 (6,789 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 41% Male / 59% Female71% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $6,031 (in-state); $16,605 (out-of-state)Books: $1,270 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,198Other Expenses: $3,590Total Cost: $21,089  (in-state); $31,663 (out-of-state) Columbus State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 92%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 81%Loans: 60%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,354Loans: $5,769 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, English, Health Sciences, Nursing, Psychology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 73%Transfer Out Rate: 17%4-Year Graduation Rate: 11%6-Year Graduation Rate: 30% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Baseball, Golf, Basketball, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Basketball, Softball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Golf, Soccer, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Columbus State, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Georgia: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAgnes Scott College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClark Atlanta University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAuburn University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMercer University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlbany State University: Profile  Valdosta State University: Profile

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Marketing - Essay Example Unilever is a leading organization which has some 400 consumer product brands under its sleeves. The product brands include food, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care products. The company touches the lives of its consumers in a number of different ways. Unilever has a range of products starting from global brands like Lipton, Dove, Omo, Knorr to some trustworthy local brands like Suave and Blue Band. The organization employs around 163,000 people in 100 countries across the globe. With a turnover of â‚ ¬ 39.8 billion, Unilever products are sold in more than 170 countries with its 264 manufacturing sites spread worldwide (Hoovers, 2010). According the company site, it helps â€Å"people feel good, look good and get more out of life, meeting their everyday needs for nutrition, hygiene and personal care with brands and services that are good for them and good for others† (Unilever, 2010). Nestle Nestle is a leading global name in the food and beverage divisions. The company offers product ranges starting from instant infant food, coffee and chocolate to bottled water and promotes the same in more than 130 countries across the globe. Nestle is one of the leading companies in the total sales amount. In Coffee, the company has some top-notch brand names. The company has left its mark with leading brands like Maggi, Nestea, Nescafe, Friskies and Nestle. The company is among the leading packaged water producers and is a significant player in the pet food industry. Apart from all these, the organization holds significant amount of shares in Alcon Inc and cosmetic giant L’Oreal. Starting its journey back in the year 1866, the company is continually stepping forward to achieve a sustainable growth in the coming future (Nestle, nod.). Competitive Advantage Unilever On any given day, around two billion people use the products of Unilever. From feeding the family to keeping the household clean and fresh, the products have become significant parts of daily life. Research and Development can be seemed to be the gateway to constantly enhancement of the brands to deliver more intense and rewarding product experiences. Consumer research has played a significant role in the success story of this organization. Unilever makes continual efforts to introduce new and enhanced products to meet the changing requirements of its large consumer base. The company invests around â‚ ¬ 1 billion annually to meet the cutting edge research and development requirements. The company has five research

Railway shipment of hazardous cargo, Safety, and homeland security Essay

Railway shipment of hazardous cargo, Safety, and homeland security - Essay Example The law provided various guidelines on packaging and operational rules safeguarding the shipment of such commodities using the railway line (Downey, 2014). After the 1975 Act, various laws and bills have been adopted to control the conveyance accorded to hazardous products within the country. Through these improvements, there has been reduced number of accidents and spillage of dangerous materials and gases into the atmosphere. These transportations of the materials through railway line are gradually improving and in the future, there will be limited or no cases of accidents or destruction of property through this form of transport. The United States Railway system is used for moving various types of hazardous cargo across the country. The system is responsible for transporting toxic gas cargos across the state. Twenty percent of all of the gases transported in the country are done through the railway system. According to Spraggins (2015), this percentage is equivalent to 1.7 million carloads of toxic gases moved by rail. The perfect example of gas transported by rail is chlorine, which is essential for both the public health and major private laboratories. In addition, chlorine is necessary for purifying water. Due to its importance and its hazardous nature, twenty-two percent of chlorine is transported through railways (Spraggins 2015). It translates to 35000 carloads of chlorine annually. In addition, the railway system is utilised for freight of crude oil across the country. Approximately millions of gallons of highly flammable oil are hauled by rail to various destinations in the country. Reports and statistics by the American Association of roads in 2009 indicated that there were 9500 railcars that moved across the country in 2008 carrying crude oil (Mark, Seely, & Barrett, 2006). The high number crude of oil moved was because of its use

Media review Essay Example for Free

Media review Essay My practical production magazine Real is of the lifestyle genre, I looked at magazines like Now and Heat for inspiration for my magazine. With the lifestyle genre I am looking to put a mixture of real life stories and celebrity gossip in my magazine as these are the main connotations found in this genre. My target audience for my magazine is mainly aimed towards females aged 16-40 as this is a very popular target area and their basic interests and attraction to a magazine is easy to create. The magazine has fewer longer articles and more images and shorter texts as most of the people who read these magazines are on the move or dont have time to read through lots of articles and would prefer to flick through a magazine and still be able to pick up of the moment gossip or amazing true stories. My font cover is bright and bold to stand out to the reader. The name Real is used, as these are real stories and real gossip so the readers will have trust in the magazine to be truthful. The name is in black bold and is bigger than the other fonts on the page to make it seem more important. Also real the issue number, price, and website are drawn out from the rest of the magazine as they are in a pink text box outlined in black. I did this to draw attention to the name of the magazine and other vital information. My main story is about Jennifer Aniston and as the story is about Jennifer Aniston going through a hard time the image of Jennifer is of her looking quite sad and heartbroken to get sympathy of the reader. My headline for the main story is Jennifer Aniston Exclusive I put this because Jennifer Aniston is a huge star and people worldwide know about her so having her name on my magazine will attract people to read it. Also because Exclusive portrays that this is the only magazine that will have this information that again will invite readers to pick up the magazine. One of the other stories on my page is of a private interview with Paul Walker. This interview will interest readers as it is with a famous Hollywood actor and also because the interview is private it will attract people as it gives the impression the information will be more intimate and more private. My other two stories are of everyday people bringing in the more true life into the magazine. The stories are about people who have had difficulties with their relationships. I chose Gay boyfriend abandoned me when I was 8 months pregnant and My boyfriend cheated on me with my mum as these are stories that will shock readers and attract sympathy. The straight to the point shocking quotes I used will leave people wanting to read more. A lot of the audience I chose like to hear about tragedy and heartbreak which is why every story on my front page is upsetting and sad. The colours I chose for the front page are pink, red, white, black and blue as these are colours that stand out and make an impact on the magazine. I chose bright bold colours for my contents page to make the magazine seem more inviting. I used a black font in my columns of the contents page to make it clearer to read and easy to follow. The page numbers are in bold as this is vital information. The word contents is in red with a shadow effect to make it stand out, and the Real in its pink text box outlined in black is in the corner to remind readers of the magazine they are reading. I have a picture of Paris Hilton in the top right corner underneath the Real logo to show what is in the magazine; this image is suitable as it refers to an interview with Paris in the magazine. The points on the contents page are of different stories, gossip and competitions which attract the target audience I have chosen. My main article is about Paris Hilton a well known heiress who is often in the papers this will attract readers as Paris is getting into lots of trouble and people like to hear about her. I chose a stylish picture of Paris along with the heading Paris Hilton my secret confessions as this will make the reader want to find out more. Secret confessions sounds like shes only telling this magazine which will make the readers more interested in reading it. I chose some darker colours with white and black to make it more stylish, serious and simple as this was the atmosphere of the interview. I used questions in the interview that people would be interested in such as her career, love life, and enemies. At the end of the article I put the website for Real magazine so people will be encouraged to look up the website and find out more. There were few technical problems with my magazine. Sometimes it was difficult to arrange images or text in the right way, I spent a long time on my front page getting it to look right. Images were also an issue as many I found werent the right size or were filtered. It was difficult to find an image to go with the emotion or atmosphere of the interview/article. I was quite happy with my contents page and main article as I spent a long time on them and I thought they came out well. I wish that I had found better images foe my front page to make it look more professional and better laid out. My advert was easy and simple to do but it would have been nice to find images and text that go together better than the ones I used. I could have improved my practical production with more time and better resources and thats what I would do if I were to do it again, attempt more work on different computers, look at more magazines and spend more time on it. Overall I am happy with the work Ive done, I think I did quite well and am pleased with my production especially my main article and contents page.

Cisco Systems Business Analysis Essay examples -- Technology Companies

Cisco Systems Cisco Systems - World's Leading Network Hardware Products Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco operates in one industry segment and creates hardware and software solutions that link computer networks so that people have easy access to information without regard to differences in time, place or type of computer system. Networking is a multi-billion dollar global market whose growth is spurred by the belief that the Internet is changing the way we work, live, play, and learn. Over the last year, there has been a key shift in the role of the Internet and in how the Internet is perceived. What was once a fairly complex tool used by an elite group of highly technical individuals is now a technology driving economic change globally by creating new jobs and market opportunities. The Company markets its products through its direct sales force, single and two-tier distributors, value-added resellers, service providers and system integrators. This multiple-channel approach allows customers to select the channel that addresses their specific needs and provides the Company with broad coverage of worldwide markets. Customers benefit from Cisco networking solutions through more efficient exchange of information, which in turn leads to cost savings, process efficiencies, and closer relationships with customers, prospects, business partners, suppliers, and employees. Cisco solutions are the networking foundation for companies, universities, utilities, and government agencies worldwide. The Company was founded in late 1984 by a small group of computer scientists from Stanford University seeking an easier way to connect different types of computer systems. Cisco Systems... ...Internet. Their relationship with Hewlett-Packard covers a broad range of initiatives including technology development, product integration, professional services, and customer service. Last May, GTE announced that it would build a national network based on Cisco's products, enabling service providers to rapidly deploy value-added services and drive next-generation Internet offerings. And the goal of their collaboration with Alcatel is to offer complete networking solutions to telecommunications carriers and other Internet service providers worldwide. Each of Cisco's strategic alliances will create a sustainable competitive advantage for both companies in order to optimize products, price points, distribution, and services. Through these relationships, Cisco will provide its customers the ability to become global networked businesses well into the next century.

Comparing poems Essay

In this essay I am going to compare the way the theme of racism is dealt with in the poems ‘Half caste’ and ‘nothings changed’. I will analyse the poems and then compare them. The things I will be comparing are the similarities and differences, the layout and also the use of language. I will be looking at both of the authors Tatamkhula Africa (Nothings Changed) and John Agard (Half caste) intentions and then decide which one of the poems I think is most effective. I am going to begin with a comparison of the purposes of the two poems. Nothings changed is about a black man looking back at his childhood and realising that ‘nothings changed’, he is upset about this as although segregation is said to have gone, he feels as if it is the same as before. Half-caste is about a mixed race man who is asking for an explanation for why they are treated like half a person. He refuses to be called half-caste as he finds it offensive. In both of these poems, the writer is dealing with the issues of racism. The two writers are expressing their anger and want the readers to take notice of how they feel. The two writers both use repetition throughout the poem. Tatamkhula used the phrase ‘nothings changed’ as both the title and the ending of the poem, this emphasises the fact that his whole poem is based on the fact that he feels that nothing has changed in his life, mainly on the aspect of the way black people are treated. John repeats ‘explain yuslef’ a number of times throughout the poem, he says this because his main aim of the poem is for people to explain themselves. These both are examples of repetition used by the writers to emphasise on their point that they want to get out by writing their poem. The two writers have a completely different style of writing. In nothings changed the writer uses standard use of English as he is happy to write this way. On the other hand the writer of half caste writes the words in slang. Clearly he wants to show the reader that he is what he is and is not going to change for anyone.  Tatamkhula compares a black person like himself to an ‘amiable weed’, he is doing this as he feels that both black people and amiable weeds are not cared for. Also he believes they are not wanted. He then later compares a white person to the opposite, a ‘red rose’, this maybe because he thinks that a lot of care is taken into caring for a red rose and also the white people. Here Tatamkhula expresses himself through metaphors and he does so continuously throughout the poem. John’s use of language happens to be really strong. He shows straight away that he is extremely angry. An example of this is that he said could have said you can come back tomorrow and listen my other half of my story if you want, however instead he demands the reader ‘yu must come back tomorrow’. The ‘must’ emphasises that the writer is serious.  Both of these writers use different type of writing to express the way they feel. Tatamkhula effectively uses metaphors to compare what he feels like and what other people are being treated as. John’s strong use of language makes his poem more effective as he is showing exactly how he feels in the first instant. Both writers’ intentions are similar. They both want the reader to think about and understand what they are going through. They want these problems of racism to stop. Tatamkhula writes about what he sees and feels. An example of this is when writes ‘I press my nose to the dear panes’. Here he is on the other side of the glass from were the white people are sitting. This shows that he is separated from the people. He expresses that although segregation has said to be gone, it is still there. He can see the white people through the glass, however the glass is like a border where he can not pass only because of his colour. John Agard throughout the poem is writing as if he is speaking to the reader. It seems as if he is having a conversation with the reader, ‘excuse me’, I believe that this makes it more interesting, and also encourages the reader to take it more seriously.  He often uses the term ‘half-caste’ to outsmart people who use this term. Although he uses slang he shows that he is aware of the things going an around the world. He says ‘yu mean when Picasso mix red an green is a half-caste canvas’. This is an example of him having good knowledge and yet outsmarting the term ‘half-caste’. Here he is arguing that if Picasso’s paintings can be a mixture of red and green, why can’t he be a mixture of races without being treated as half of a person. Tatamkhula explains how they are treated differently with the example of their food. At the ‘whites only inn’ there is ‘crushed ice’, ‘linen falls’ these both show expense and luxury items. He then compares this with what he is used to which is ‘bunny chows’ and ‘plastic table tops’ This clearly shows that this is not an expensive place, yet more shows it is a cheap place. He then adds further ‘Wipe your fingers on your jeans’ this shows that he is used to doing this, and yet is proud of doing it. He is not ashamed to express the way he is living and feeling. Both writers express their anger continuously through out the poem. They obviously want things to change, and want to be treated equally as everyone else. They express there feelings in form of a poem which they want people to take notice of, and maybe if they are the ones who are causing or doing something to make them feel like this, they would want them to stop instantly.  In my opinion I strongly believe that ‘Nothings changed’ is far more effective. I think this because it expresses more how he feels and what he is going through. Although ‘Half-Caste’ also expresses the writers feelings it is not as effective. This may be because Tatumkhula uses many examples of what he feels like and how he is treated differently.

A Brief Description of World War II

World War II FRQ World War II was a period of great change for the United States in terms of race, economics, and the demographic of American life. World War II pulled America out the Great Depression and revitalized the nation. Jobs were being created by the thousands and pulling people into big cities. The cities demographics were changing with the influx of immigrants and minorities looking for work. However, with the new increase in economic prosperity brought by America’s helping supply the world with war goods, World War II also showed America’s still heavy racial tensions.World War II brought America out the Great Depression of the 30s and reenergized the economy. Jobs were created as America’s factories were producing goods for the war effort. Places such as Mobile, Alabama grew exponentially across the United States, beyond anyone’s expectations. The war was creating thousands of jobs in these cities where all the factories were and that in turn a ttracted people from all over to these cities in search of work. People were able to get well-paying jobs in these factories and the quality of life for many increased.However, as the war dragged on, there was a decrease in goods and the government began demanding that people begin rationing. This created a sort of black market for goods. In fact, one in every nine transactions during the war was illegal. The increase of jobs in these cities also helped change the demographic of America. Waterbury, Connecticut’s work force was mainly comprised of Italian immigrants during World War II. Japanese people were a large part of Sacramento’s overall population. Mobile, Alabama attracted many people, many families from hundreds of towns from around the state.With this huge influx of workers, Mobile’s schools became over flooded, making it one of the worst school systems in the nation. World War II was somewhat of a double-edged sword at the home front in the United Stat es. Even though it helped pull America out of one of the worst depressions in its history, it also unveiled the heavy racial tensions that were still apart of American life. In Mobile white and black people got along well as long as the status quo was minded. However, as people began getting better pay, blacks were able to afford to buy houses and cars.They were being paid more or less the same amount as their white counterparts. This made most whites upset, they felt that black people were getting out of place and were behaving â€Å"uppity. † Racial tensions grew and began exploding in race riots in cities like Detroit. The tensions between the white and black workers in Mobile got so intense, the shipyard became segregated and there were two separate ferries; one for blacks, the other for whites. Also, people began weary of Japanese loyalty to America. This fear turned into action when the Nisei Japanese were put into internment camps.Despite this, Italian and German immig rants’ assimilation into America was sped up because of the war, unlike during the First World War. In conclusion, World War II caused various changes in the different facets of American life. The war helped revive America’s economy and helped drag it out of the grips of depression. The war also shook up the make-up of American society and caused an increase of people living in large cities. However, it also showed America that it still had a long way to go in terms of racial equality and was an omen for the Civil Rights movement that was to come during the Fifties.

Free Essays on Tourism Targets The Baby Boomers

Tourism Targets the Baby-Boomers Your 40+ and you’re days as a backpacking hitchhiker are behind you. However, you’re still young enough to cringe at the idea of a bus tour. All you want is a comfortable, memorable, adult experience with a tad of adventure. This is what the baby-boomer generation is looking for in a travel experience. Eco-tourism has begun to target the baby-boomer generation. â€Å"In general, people are looking for a more stimulating experience,† said Susan Delgado, manager of the federation’s expeditions travel program. â€Å"They want to go away on vacation and learn something. They want to say it made a difference in them.† Lately there has been a significant upturn in Eco- and soft-adventure tours, especially those that are targeted toward the baby-boomers. The baby-boomers that came of age in the 60’s started their travels early in life; the rode trains around Europe and lived out of their backpacks. Now, 30 years later they are still seeking the same type of adventure. Because the baby-boomers do not have time to take a month off of work for vacation, the travel programs are designed to be short but have a lasting residual value. Eco-tourism introduces people back to nature, and lets them experience wildlife. Many travel programs are targeting the baby-boomer generation because many people of that generation have started to travel more. There are no longer children in the home to bring along. Therefore, a more relaxing, valuable experience is wanted. There is no need to have activities to entertain children. The vacations are targeted toward adult activities. Baby-Boomers are looking for more practical vacations, which is why they are a good target market.... Free Essays on Tourism Targets The Baby Boomers Free Essays on Tourism Targets The Baby Boomers Tourism Targets the Baby-Boomers Your 40+ and you’re days as a backpacking hitchhiker are behind you. However, you’re still young enough to cringe at the idea of a bus tour. All you want is a comfortable, memorable, adult experience with a tad of adventure. This is what the baby-boomer generation is looking for in a travel experience. Eco-tourism has begun to target the baby-boomer generation. â€Å"In general, people are looking for a more stimulating experience,† said Susan Delgado, manager of the federation’s expeditions travel program. â€Å"They want to go away on vacation and learn something. They want to say it made a difference in them.† Lately there has been a significant upturn in Eco- and soft-adventure tours, especially those that are targeted toward the baby-boomers. The baby-boomers that came of age in the 60’s started their travels early in life; the rode trains around Europe and lived out of their backpacks. Now, 30 years later they are still seeking the same type of adventure. Because the baby-boomers do not have time to take a month off of work for vacation, the travel programs are designed to be short but have a lasting residual value. Eco-tourism introduces people back to nature, and lets them experience wildlife. Many travel programs are targeting the baby-boomer generation because many people of that generation have started to travel more. There are no longer children in the home to bring along. Therefore, a more relaxing, valuable experience is wanted. There is no need to have activities to entertain children. The vacations are targeted toward adult activities. Baby-Boomers are looking for more practical vacations, which is why they are a good target market....

Evolution of the Office - History and Innovations

Evolution of the Office - History and Innovations As long as governments or other organizations have existed the office has existed in some form as a place to do the associated administrative or clerical duties. The 19th Century Office In the late 19th century, commercial offices for conducting business first appeared in the United States. The railroad, the telegraph and then the telephone were invented allowing for instant remote communication. Wherever manufacturing existed, for example in a mill or factory, the administrative office could now be placed at a distance. Other inventions that promoted the office included: electric lighting, the typewriter, and calculating machines. More Office Machines Office Furniture Perhaps the greatest symbol of the office is the office chair and desk. During the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, new office equipment and furniture were popular exhibits. The exposition featured fancy rolltop desks and novel new filing systems. Desk design eventually evolved after the invention of the typewriter as the rolltop design was not a good one for the placement of the typewriter. The 20th Century Office By 1900, nearly 100,000 people in the United States were working as secretaries, stenographers, and typists in an office. The average worker was employed for sixty hours per six-day work week. Specialized training was now available for people who wished to study office skills. Office Ergonomics The birth of the white collar worker and the office meant that for many hours a day office workers would be sitting and conducting tasks. Ergonomics is the optimizing of the experience between human beings, and the designed objects and environments they interact with and has played a large role in the design of objects used in the modern office. Â   Continue Office Machines

Robotic Heart Surgery and its Benefits Research Paper

Robotic Heart Surgery and its Benefits - Research Paper Example After all, the perceived increase in financial burdens a more universal health care bill would place on the public – higher taxes, higher costs for businesses, higher co-pay fees, etc. – was the main argument used by the strongest opponents of the bill (Hossain and Quealy, 2010). Implementing change, especially in health care, is always difficult to accomplish for several reasons. As Underdahl (2009) argued in a study, even a seemingly simple procedure as getting a signed informed consent form from a patient can be a tough challenge even in a health care system where the major players are educated and informed professionals. When the change is a new technology, the resistance to change and the difficulty in adapting becomes an even greater challenge, especially when surgeons are involved (Geer, 2000). This is the case with Robotic Heart Surgery or RHS, a new technology that has received mixed reactions from all sectors of the health care field. The purpose of this paper is to show that RHS, one of the â€Å"relatively recent† variations of Minimally-Invasive Cardiac Surgery or MICS, is a beneficial and viable alternative that can help meet the goal of the Health Care Reform Act of 2010: better and affordable health care for more Americans. This paper will show that RHS is better, safer and more acceptable to patients and a new breed of heart surgeons. In addition, despite its high initial costs, RHS can be more economical in the long run and make heart surgery affordable to more patients. These developments would also have an impact on the work of health care professionals. In view of the benefits of RHS, and despite initial opposition of many to the new technology, its wider acceptance must be promoted and steps must be taken to prepare health care practitioners for the potential increase in the number of people availing of the procedure.

Tort law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Tort law - Essay Example The following sections of this assessment are specifically going to focus on the relevant statutes that can be inferred when negotiating for a settlement as well as remedies. Case list and relevant statutes Briefly outline any cases/statutes you have researched in this area which are relevant to our client’s claim. This should be more than just a bulleted list. Basically, tort law commonly refers to a civil wrong not arising from a contract and in the case of negligence, everyone has a duty of care owed to the neighbour (Capiro Industries vs. Dickman 1990). Cooke (2010) suggests that a remedy can be given in the form of compensation where the plaintiff can prove beyond reasonable doubt that the defendant owed duty of care in the event of injury. Thus, in case of tort law, specific duties apply to everyone and are imposed by the law. According to Terry & Giugni (2009), there are four elements of the tort of negligence that have to be proved by the plaintiff and these include th e following: there is need to prove that the defendant owed the plaintiff a duty of care, the defendant breached that duty by falling below expected standards, the defendant’s conduct caused the plaintiff to suffer physical or economic harm (causation) and the harm suffered by the plaintiff was reasonably foreseeable (remoteness). Under common law, duty of care must be observed whereby the breach of such duty, causation of damage, remoteness of damage and the defences would be taken into account as illustrated in the following cases below. Facts The case of Murphy v Brentwood[1991] 1 A.C. 398 can be used to establish the duty care owed by the contractors in the construction industry. Issue Were defendants negligent? Rule They were negligent because they did not take into account safety precautions when constructing the house. In our case, we did not constantly check the state of condition of our buildings. Analysis The court found that the engineers as well as contractors wer e negligent when they failed to take necessary measures to ensure that they construct a solid foundation of the house. In the case of Blyth v Birmingham Water Works Company, the facts are as follows; the defendants installed a fire plug near the plaintiff’s house that leaked during a severe frost, causing water damage and the jury found the defendant negligent, and the defendant appealed. Issue Were the defendants negligent? Rule Defendants can only be negligent when they fail to do what a reasonable person can do. Analysis This was an accident caused by natural causes. The case of Bolam V Friern 1957 also illustrates a case involving negligence but the court ruled in favour of the doctor because he was acting within his profession. In most cases, for a claim to be successful, the four elements mentioned above have to be proved. The Occupiers’ Liability Act (OLA) 1957 is mainly concerned with the duty care owed to the occupiers of a building and these can be classified as employees or visitors. They ought to take into consideration the risk of danger that may prevail. On the other hand, the employer is liable for breach of his duty if he fails to provide his employees with safety as well as safe equipment to use (Wilson and Clyde Coal Co Ltd v English [1938 ] AC 57 (HL) 141). This also includes a duty to

American Expansionism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American Expansionism - Essay Example However, the expansionism was not good for the American population and other people across the world. The most important reason why United States wanted to expand was for economic benefits. During the time of Confederation, the United States continued to extend its territory westwards. For instance, between 1960 and 1890, United States created nine new states after purchasing Alaska from Russia. After the end of the American Civil War, the interests of expanding the country’s territory rejuvenated. There was renewed investment in land, railway construction, and exploitation of natural resources in the west part of the country. The American traders started looking for land for investment in the western part of Canada. This raised the interests of the country towards this part. This is because majority of these investors opted to settle in these areas. Americans believed that acquiring more territory will make it easy for them to produce products at decreased costs. The second aspect that led to expansion is the spirit of nationalism. With the European nations expanding their t erritories, Americans also wanted to take pride in expanding its boundaries further. This was fueled by the increased scramble for territory by other major economies. United States expanded its role and influence through military influence. For instance, the country treated its colonies as military bases. The country established military bases in these areas in order to take control of their economic, political, and social activities. Secondly, the US used its cultural influence to expand its role. The country expanded its cultural ideologies to other areas. This was achieved through the spirit of nationalism and propaganda. Thirdly, the US used economic influence to expand its boundaries. This is through funding major investments in the

Common Law and Equity Essay

Common Law and Equity Essay Common law originally developed under the inquisitorial system in England during the 12th and 13th centuries,[11] as the collective judicial decisions that were based in tradition, custom and precedent Equity is designed from the English law system and its role as a common law, as the common law was created and analysed the basis of equity was brought up and is now used in the royal courts, the story of Equity brings us back to the days of 1066 when William the Conqueror invaded England, he found that there was no single system of common law but rather a system where the local courts based rulings of traditional courts, such as Shires, Boroughs and Hundreds, and applied local rules and customs to the cases. These were openly known as the customary laws which later on became the foundations for the common law. William I using subtle tactics gained control of the country and then introduced the feudal system, where all land belonged to the King and where he would grant areas of land to those people who supported him and were willing to help him. He made himself available to any landlord who had a dispute or problem and who could not get redress from his lord. This idea of applying directly to the King became known as the â€Å"Kings Justice† and became available to everyone. This Kings Justice was administered by the â€Å"Curia Regis† (Kings Court), which was a body of advisers to the King. The Curia Regis would apply a system of rules which applied to whole country thus it became known as the ‘common law which applied in a series of Royal Courts which were erected as time came to pass. At first people recognised that this law was indeed fair and with it being common to England was just. However, later problems were found with this law; two in specific: The fact that there were only one remedy available, damages soon became a problem. Damage being money ordered to be paid as compensation for injury or loss. It soon became a common issue that remedy was not always the appropriate form of remedy and this would have no significant concluding impact within cases. The other major issue was that a civil action, legal action to protect a private civil right or to compel a civil remedy, could only be started with a writ. A writ was a document on which was written why and what the legal basis the person was being sued. Circumstances arose that when a problem was not covered by the writ, this meant making a new document every time one arose, however this was stopped in the 13th century. This meant if your case was already not under a writ it was not carried forward. People found themselves very frustrated under this common law, where they found they may have had to settle for remedies they did not want or their case was sometimes found not even actually taken to the courts as it was not under the ‘writ. As the public became dissatisfied with the system they began to petition to the King, as the â€Å"foundation of justice† for a remedy. The King took note of the petition, which resulted in the case being taken up by the Chancellor when people found that the ‘common law would not help them with their cases. Asif Laher Gradually, over the years he built up a large body of principles, which he had gathered from cases which he had dealt with in which he decided what he thought was fair. These principles together then formed a law; ‘Equity. Equity can be simply thought of as ‘fairness and was a very powerful source of law as it overcame any problems with the common law, because of the right justification it was thought to give. It gave people a ‘safety valve allowing them to seek different appropriate remedies and even actually be given a case when common law did not. However, the law of equity would have been useless to this day if the dispute between the two would have not been resolved. Because of the conflict, a decision to resolve the two was finally made in 1616 when it was referred to King James. The dispute between the two systems was eventually resolved as a result of the Earl of Oxfords Case 1616; the outcome of this case was that if the two were to be in conflict and may contradict each other â€Å"equity would prevail.† The outcome was important as equity would have been worthless as it could not fill in the gaps of the common law unless it was dominant. Common law could just override equity if common law is more important, equity would have been powerless. After many years had gone by the judicature act 1873-1875 came into place. Before this common law and equity had separate courts. The judicature acts did not fuse the common law together, however, did fuse the administration. This is significant due to the established court structure we have today, provided that equity and common law could only be administrated by all courts and that there would no longer be different procedures for seeking common law and equitable remedies. In conclusion they were joined into one High Court, they are still separate laws which have different principles, common law being the major law, and equity brought into cases when needed. Because of the fact that they have different principles and were not fused together when the administration were, they are referred to as ‘The Twin Pillars

Causes Of The Cold War Essay -- essays research papers

Causes of the Cold War   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Cold War occurred during a time of rebuilding for Europe. It characterized international relations and dominated the foreign policies of Europe. It affected all of Europe and determined lasting alliances. The Cold War was caused by the social climate and tension in Europe at the end of World War II and by the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union. Economic separation between the Soviets and the west also heightened tensions, along with the threat of nuclear war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One main conflict between the Soviet Union was the vast ideological differences. One of the main tenets of communism is that capitalism is inherently bad and posed a threat to the working class. The communists view all capitalist nations as possible enemies. According to them, capitalism will eventually destroy itself and it is their duty to help it along. They refuse cooperation between themselves and capitalist nations ideologically. These extensive differences in beliefs widened the gap between the Soviet Union and the west. Another cause of the Cold War was the Soviet Unions control over Eastern Europe and the forming of economic alliances in reaction. At the end of World War II, the Soviet Union began transforming the newly freed countries and engulfed them one by one until all of Eastern Europe was part of the Soviet Union. The United States became alarmed with the growing of communism in Europe and set up...

A Financial Analysis of Next

A Financial Analysis of NEXT By Tingyu WANG AC2407 Shakil Iqbal Patel Tuesday, 1st November, 2011 CONTENTS 1. Introduction3 2. Roles of Accounting and Finance3 3. Financial Analysis4 3. 1. Discussion of NEXT4 3. 2. Finance of NEXT5 3. 3. Ratio Analysis6 3. 4. Application of roles to NEXT9 4. Conclusion10 5. References10 6. Appendices11 1. Introduction ‘Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, and reporting and interpreting the financial data. ’ (Johal et al, 2010:2). Accounting provides a key source of information about a business to those who need it, such as managers or owners.The framework makes cash and profit can be monitored, planned and controlled. It is essential to the running of any business or organization. (Jones, 2006:3). ‘Finance exists to help users to make better decisions and is concerned with the financing and investing activities of the business. ’ (Eddie et al, 2005:21). This essay will discuss the roles of accounting and fina nce within an organization and include a financial analysis of NEXT, which through the following structure: the next section identifies the roles of accounting and finance to NEXT.Section three makes some financial analysis, including the discussion of NEXT, evaluation of its finance, and ratio analysis. The fourth section is to examine the application of roles to NEXT. The final section is to make conclusion. 2. Roles of Accounting and Finance There are three main roles of accounting and finance within an organization. * Financial Accounting: Deals with the mechanistic bookkeeping progress and the preparation and interpretation of the financial accounts. For companies, it also includes the preparation of the annual report.It concludes measuring and reporting financial position, financial performance and anlaysing and interpreting financial statements. (Jones, 2006:13). * Financial Management: It is about managing the sources of finance of an organization which involves ‘manag ing the working capital (that is, short-term assets and liabilities) of a company or finding the cheapest form of borrowing. ’ (Jones, 2006:14) * Management Accounting: Covers the internal accounting of an organization. It consists of costing, budgeting, standard costing, short-term decision making, strategic management accounting, capital investment appraisal and discounted cash flow. IBID). 3. Financial Analysis 4. 1. Discussion of NEXT NEXT plc is a UK based retailer offering exciting, beautifully designed, excellent quality fashion and accessories for men, women and children together with home products. The company was founded by Joseph Hepworth in Leeds in 1864. The first NEXT shop opened on 12 February 1982. In 1986, Davies moved the headquarters from Leeds to Leicester, to be closer to the main garment manufacturers. In autumn 2009, NEXT plc launched an online catalogue for the United States offering clothing, shoes and accessories.It distributes through three main cha nnels: Next Retail, a chain of more than 500 stores in the UK and Eire; NEXT Directory, a home shopping catalogue and website with nearly 3 million active customers; and NEXT International, with more than 180 stores around the world. NEXT also has a growing website capability in more than 30 countries worldwide. (Next Corporate, 2011). In UK, there are three analogous brand companies like Top shop, Monsoon, and Aquascutum. They all operate as similar home products as NEXT, like clothing, footwear, and accessories for men, women and children and have online services and various strategies.It is obvious to increase competition to NEXT. While for NEXT, they use their influence to promote good practice and raise awareness, believe working together in partnership is the best way they can make a positive difference. Using approach to improve energy efficiency and reduce energy use, minimize waste produced and increase the quality recycled, increase the efficiency of their delivery fleet h elp NEXT to increase revenues, profits, earnings per share and dividends per share from 2010 to 2011. It is believed that NEXT will have a brighter future. (IBID).According to the report in Financial Times (2011), FTSE 100 drops to fortnight-low, while NEXT was up 2. 9 percent to ? 26. 14, which plans to launch a fixed-odds sports book next year could boost group profit by 50 percent. The fact claims that NEXT have a specific operating strategy make brilliant finance performance. 4. 2. Finance of NEXT The sources of finance of NEXT were used include following: * Use of funds: According to NEXT report (2010), the company use funds for registered charities, groups or organizations and purchased a further ? 1. 4million shares at a cost of ? 28million. * Internal Sources of Finance: 1) Short-term: ? Delay payment to creditors: For NEXT, the business has more trade payables in 2011 than 2010, it delays payment to creditors can keep cash longer. ‘Suppliers are in effect offering a b usiness an interest-free loan, the period of the ‘loan’ is extended and funds can be retained within the business. ’ (Peter et al, 2008:395). ?Tighter credit control: ‘All customers who wish to trade on credit terms are subject to credit verification procedures. ’ (NEXT plc, report of 2010:79). It is possible for the business to reduce the proportion of assets held in this form and so release funds for other purposes. 2) Long-term: Retained profit: From 2009 to 2011, the profit earnings have been increasing from ? 1523. 2, ? 1615. 2, to ? 1782. 6. (NEXT, 2010: 46) The profits are retained within the business rather than being distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends, the funds of business are increased. * External Sources of Finance: (1) Long-term: ? Ordinary shares: For NEXT, the ordinary shares were changed several time at different time because of the high risks associated with this form of investment, the ordinary shareholders also re quired a comparatively high rate of return. Loans: The unsecured bank loans in 2010 is ? 75million and ? 115million in 2011. Their interest rate are ? 22. 7million and ? 24. 3million. (NEXT, 2010:47). ‘The company’s medium term borrowing facilities may be subject to early repayment if a majority of lending banks gave written to notice to the company within 30 days of the change of control. In addition, there are some security social costs. ’ (NEXT, 2010:24). This means interest will be paid only on amounts drawn and so the business will not have to pay interest on amounts borrowed that are temporarily surplus to requirements.Term loans tend to be cheap to set up and can be quite flexible as to conditions. Besides, corporate bonds are a type of long-term loans. In 2010, it is ? 520. 9million and ? 471. 2million in 2011. The decreased gearing ratio states the company has the lower risk to pay the interests on its loans. (Peter et al, 2008:399) (2) Short-term: ? Ban k overdrafts: The bank overdrafts in 2010 is ? 4. 7million and ? 10. 2 million in 2011. It represents a very flexible form of borrows and easy to arrange as the size of bank overdraft can be increased or decreased. Debt factoring: Take over NEXT’s debt collection agencies. ‘It can result in savings in credit management and create more certainty with the cash flows. It can also release the time of key personnel for more profitable activities. ’(IBID:425) 4. 3. Ratio Analysis Profitability | Year 2011| Year 2010| Gross Profit Margin| 29. 21%| 29. 26%| Net Profit Margin| 16. 67%| 15. 58%| Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)| 60. 01%| 56. 72%| Asset Turnover| 3. 60| 3. 64| The gross profit margin was decreased 0. 05% from 2010 to 2011. The lower the gross profit margin, the worse for the company.The decline in this ratio is because of the change in the cost of goods sold, the stock sell more expensive; this year more inventory wastage and fewer products selling than la st year. The net profit margin increased 1. 09% due to the expenses being controlled very well. The business can make more profit, means the bigger, the better. The ROCE ratio increased 3. 29%, which comes from the returns from the bank. It measures high efficiency the assets are used to generate profit, the bigger ratio, the better return. The asset turnover decreased 0. 04. This result is affected by the increased ROCE.The smaller, the worse for the company. Efficiency | Year 2011| Year 2010| Inventories Turnover| 55. 0 days| 46. 8 days| Trade Receivables Turnover| 56. 4 days| 55. 7 days| Trade Payables Turnover| 29. 2 days| 26. 5 days| The inventories turnover increased 8. 2 days. The more frequently stock is turned over the better. The reason of the improvement is the more inventories and lower cost of sales in 2011 than 2010. The trade receivables turnover has a slight increase as at 0. 7 days. It means more cash was tied up in trade receivables for each ? 1 of sales revenue in 2011 than in 2010.Therefore, it is bad for the company. It may because of incurring lower expenses, such as discounts allowed to customers who pay quickly in 2010. The trade payable turnover increased 2. 7 days, in the average length of time that elapsed between buying inventories and services and paying for them. This result depends on the length of credit period agreed with trade creditors. It is beneficial because the business is using free finance provided by suppliers. Liquidity | Year 2011| Year 2010| Current Ratio| 1. 28:1| 1. 37:1| Quick Assets Ratio| 0. 84:1| 0. 97:1| The two current ratios are between 1 and 2. A range from 1 to 2 is considered optimum. ’ (Patel, 2010:11). It decreased 0. 09 because of the type of the business of NEXT, the higher the ratio, the more liquid the business is considered to be, the decline is good for the company. The quick assets ratio decreased 0. 13 due to stocks removed from the numerator. ‘The optimum range is usually consider ed to be in the range 0. 75-1. 00. ’ (Patel, 2010:12). It is obvious to see that the ‘liquid’ current assets do not quite cover the current liabilities, so the business may be experiencing some liquidity problems.With the decline of the quick assets ratio, it is beneficial for the company. Capital Structure | Year 2011| Year 2010| Gearing| 49. 1%| 55. 7%| Interest Cover| 23. 7 times| 21. 0 times| ‘Broadly, the gearing range 30% – 60% is considered OK. ’ (Patel, 2010:2). The gearing decreased 6. 6%, because it has borrowed more in 2010 than 2011. ‘The higher the gearing, the higher the risk that the business will be unable to pay the interest on its loans or make repayments in times of economic recession. ’ (Jill et al, 2007:197) So, this is good for the company. The interest cover increased 2. times, because the decreasing long-term debts. ‘Generally, a figure over 2 is needed to be on the safe side. ’ (Patel, 2010:4) . It is positive for the company, the higher the level of operating profit coverage, the smaller the risk to the shareholders. Investor | Year 2011| Year 2010| Earnings per share (EPS)| 221. 9p| 188. 5p| Dividend Cover| 3. 1 times| 3. 4 times| Return on Equity (ROE)| 2. 7| 1. 7| The latest price earnings ratio (PE) is = 11. 44 (Financial Times @ 24/10/2011) The latest dividend yield is = 3. 32% (Financial Times @ 24/10/2011) The EPS increased 33. p because of particular business over time. The bigger, the better for the company. The dividend cover decreased 0. 3 times because of the proportion of earnings have been paid out as dividend is changed. ‘The more usual situation of a high value, greater than 1, shows only a proportion of the profits being paid out as dividend. The higher the figure the more profits have been retained in the business. ’ (Patel, 2010:7). The ROE was increased 1. 0. It is a very big improvement, because the company put much profit on equity hold ers than shareholders’ equity.For the company, the bigger, the better. 4. 4. Application of roles to NEXT Based on the annual report and accounts of NEXT in January 2011, it is one part of financial accounting. The financial statements such as Income Statement, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Statement show evidence of financial accounting, because all of the finance information and financial ratios can help assessing the financial health of NEXT, and examine various aspects of financial position and performance. They are helpful to plan and control operating purposes for NEXT.By considering the main sources of finance of NEXT to examine various aspects of the capital markets and identifying the factors that must be taken into account when managing the working capital of NEXT, the business can make financing decisions on investment and new objectives and so on. These evidences can be the role of financial management. Because of the management accounting consists of costing, budge ting, standard costing, short-term decision making, strategic management accounting, capital investment appraisal and discounted cash flow. There is no evidence in this case, therefore, For NEXT, it has no management accounting. . Conclusion In order to make a financial analysis of NEXT plc, the essay was first to identify the three main roles of accounting and finance to an organization, they are financial accounting, financial management and management accounting. After that, it discussed some issues of NEXT, such as the history, size, future, economic climate and topical information and so on. Based on the NEXT annual report and accounts in January 2011, to understand how the company is financed, the report was listed some sources of finance which NEXT used, added the changes and the reasons as well.Following was the ratio analysis for NEXT, including profitability, efficiency, liquidity, capital structure and investment ratios. Through the results, it was clear to see the trend and effects on NEXT. Finally, by examining the annual report and accounts, it has applied the roles of accounting and finance to NEXT. In this case, NEXT plc applied the financial accounting and financial management. To sum up, financial analysis is the important basis for evaluating financial position and operating performance. It also realizes financial goals and the important steps to implement correct investment decisions. . References 1. Johal et al, (2010) in Patel, S. ,(2011), What is Accounting, University of Central Lancashire. 2. Jones, M. (2006), Accounting, John Wiley, Chichester. 3. Eddie McLaney, Peter Antrill (2005) Accounting: An Introduction, FT Prentice Hall. 4. Peter Atrill, Eddie McLaney, (2008), Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists, FT Prentice Hall. 5. Jill Collis and Roger Hussey, (2007), Business Accounting, Palgrave Macmillan 6. Patel, S. , (2010), A Ratio Analysis Worksheet (Part 1and 2), University of Central Lancashire. 7.Financial Times, (2011), FT SE 100 Drops to Fortnight-low, p4, 20 October 2011. 8. Financial Times, (2011), Companies & Markets: Retailers: NEXT plc, 24th October 2011. 9. NEXT plc, (2010), Annual Report and Accounts. 10. Next Corporate, (2011), About Next. Available at: http://www. nextplc. co. uk/about-next. aspx. Accessed: 25th October 2011 6. Appendices 1) Profitability Ratios: Gross Profit Margin = Gross ProfitSales * 100% FY 2010: Gross Profit Margin = 996. 93406. 5 * 100% = 29. 26% 2011: Gross Profit Margin = 1008. 73453. 7 * 100% = 29. 21%Net Profit Margin = Profit before Taxation and InterestSales *100% FY 2010: Net Profit Margin = 505. 3+25. 33406. 5 * 100% = 15. 58% 2011: Net Profit Margin = 551. 4+24. 33453. 7 * 100% = 16. 67% Return on Capital Employed = Profit before Taxation and InterestTotal Assets less Current Liabilities * 100% FY 2010: ROCE = 505. 3+25. 31693. 5-758. 1 * 100% = 56. 72% 2011: ROCE = 551. 4+24. 31792. 3-832. 9 * 100% = 60. 01% Asset Turnover = SalesTotal Assest less Current Li abilities FY 2010: Asset Turnover = 3406. 51693. 5-758. 1 = 3. 64 2011: Asset Turnover = 3453. 71792. 3-832. = 3. 60 2) Efficiency Ratios: Inventories Turnover = InventoriesCost of Sales * 365 FY 2010: Inventories Turnover = 309. 02409. 6 * 365 = 46. 8 days 2011: Inventories Turnover = 368. 32445. 0 * 365 = 55. 0 days Trade Receivables Turnover = Trade ReceivableSales * 365 FY 2010: Trade Receivables Turnover = 520. 23406. 5 * 365 = 55. 7 days 2011: Trade Receivables Turnover = 533. 33453. 7 * 365 = 56. 4 days Trade Payables Turnover = Trade PayablesCost of Sales * 365 FY 2010: Trade Payables Turnover = 175. 02409. 6 * 365 = 26. 5 days 2011: Trade Payables Turnover = 195. 52445. * 365 = 29. 2 days 3) Liquidity Ratios: Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities FY 2010: Current Ratio = 1041. 2758. 1 = 1. 37:1 2011: Current Ratio = 1067. 3832. 9 = 1. 28:1 Quick Assets Ratio = Current Assets-InventoriesCurrent Liabilities FY 2010: Quick Assets Ratio = 1041. 2-309. 0758. 1 = 0. 9 7:1 2011: Quick Assets Ratio = 1067. 3-368. 3832. 9 = 0. 84:1 4) Capital Structure: Gearing = Long-termnon-currentloansTotal Assets less Current Liabilities * 100% FY 2010: Gearing = 520. 91693. 5-758. 1 * 100% = 55. 7% 2011: Gearing = 471. 21792. 3-832. 9 * 100% = 49. % Interest Cover = Profit before Taxation and InterestInterest Payable FY 2010: Interest Cover = 505. 3 +25. 325. 3 = 21. 0 times 2011: Interest Cover = 551. 4+24. 324. 3 = 23. 7 times 5) Investment Ratios: Dividend Cover = Profit on ordinary activities after taxationOrdinary equitydividends FY 2010: Dividend Cover = 364. 1108. 5 = 3. 4 times 2011: Dividend Cover = 401. 1129. 6 = 3. 1 times Return on Equity (ROE) = Profit on ordinary activities after taxationEquity Shareholders'Funds * 100% FY 2010: ROE = 364. 1133. 6 * 100% = 2. 7 2011: ROE = 401. 1232. 3 * 100% = 1. 7