My First School Memories

My first memory of school is the first day of primary school. It is my first day without the toys and a dress with a nice style. Primary school was far larger than my small kindergarten had been. It was a nice day, with hope and happiness and a lot of fun. I pretended to be a good kid, sitting on my seat carefully. Listening to the teacher, a kind beautiful woman called Miss Zhou talking softly to us.I observed the small tables and the small chairs change into the desks, without the colors; the piano in the classroom had disappeared, the big screen and the computer is in the front of the classroom. Suddenly, a girl with a Snow White style dress was pushed into the classroom, crying loudly, by her grandparents, and made the classroom’s serious mood become funny. The teacher gave us a card with our name and gave us some stickers for the prices. I thought, †It is just like our kindergarten. † Then, the teacher brought us to look around the school.  Like read about m emories? Read also  Flashbulb memory!It was an interesting trip, though it’s was tiring. The feeling of the new place and new life is the most valuable thing. Though lunch began later than the kindergarteners’, and there was no teacher to give us rice and soup, the lunch was still delightful. We can have an adventure in the school after lunch, though at that time we were not familiar with each other, but we still played happily and found some interesting places like the small garden to hide behind the teaching building and the sandy land beside the bike shed.I remember Angle saying that the small shells in the sand were put there by her. We had lessons in the afternoon; the textbooks were new, not like the old fairy tales books on the shelf in kindergarten. With the smiles and laughs, we left our school. This is my first school memory, it is full of new things and happiness, when I think about my first day in school, I feel that day is one of the most interesting thi ngs happened in my life.

Walt Disney: the Quintessential American

Disney: The Becky Tashkulova Mr. Brown American History 25 May 2011 Walt Disney: The Quintessential American You’re riding a rollercoaster in a Disney theme park in Orlando, Florida. You look around at the incredible architecture and imagination that is flowing throughout the park. You start wondering if your childhood would be the same without the man behind all this greatness. Walt Disney was a man full of charisma, joyfulness, and positivity. He never backed down or felt discouraged after failing.He was a man who knew what he wanted and ended up getting it; he was a go-getter. His legacy is celebrated every year by the making of new Disney movies and he is appreciated throughout the world. If you ask an average person who is the quintessential American, his or her response would be someone like George Washington, Theodore Roosevelt, or Abraham Lincoln. Although those are great examples, they don’t portray the same traits as America would. This paper will show how Wal t Disney is the quintessential American.Just like America, Walt Disney is prejudiced, catalytic, and persistent. Many people use â€Å"racist† in a wrong form. To be racist is to keep one race from doing something; while Walt Disney never did that. He was prejudiced against other races, which means unreasonable feelings, opinions, or attitudes, especially of a hostile nature, regarding a racial, religious, or national group. Although there is no hard proof to show that Walt Disney was prejudiced, he did show it in his creations, or so we think (Gabler). The Three Little Pigs† featured the wolf dressed as a Jewish peddler. The American Jewish Congress protested that the characterization was so â€Å"vile, revolting and unnecessary as to constitute a direct affront to the Jews. † According to Walt Disney Archives, Walt referred to Italians as â€Å"garlic eaters† and used a variety of crude terms for blacks. To this day, many critics assume that the crows in Dumbo are shown as stereotypes. But Walt was no closet racist. At home he always preached racial, religious and ethnic tolerance to his two daughters.Under his supervision, Disney studios was inhospitable to many minorities, few of whom said to worked there, said that they were virtually verboten on the screen (Gabler). Everyone sees America as this â€Å"welcoming† and â€Å"interracial† country, but no one remembers all the terrible and hypocritical things that America has done in its history. Some would say America is paradoxal, or hypocritical, or contradictory, and while all those words do describe America, no one seems to describe America as prejudiced. The Chinese Exclusion Act was brought up in Congress due to the overflowing population of Chinese in the United States.The US needed workers to build the Transcontinental Railroad, so they brought in the Chinese to build it. After it was all done, no one knew what to do with the Chinese that were left in the coun try and the incoming ones. So Congress decided to pass the Chinese Exclusion Act, which permitted the Chinese entering the US starting from 1882. Congress passed the National Origins Act in 1924 because of the crazy amount of immigrants moving to the US. It excluded any Eastern and Southern Europeans and almost all Asians and other nonwhites from entering the US.This act instituted admission quotas by using the 1890 census to determine the population of a particular nationality group; the government then only allowed 2 percent of that population into the nation. After the Japanese hit Pearl Harbor in 1941, Franklin D. Roosevelt had issued an order to â€Å"punish† all the Japanese living in the United States. The order gave the military broad powers to ban any Japanese citizen from a fifty to sixty mile wide coastal area stretching from Washington state to California and extending into southern Arizona.The order also authorized transporting these citizens to assembly centers, or concentration camps, hastily set up and governed by the military in California, Arizona, Washington state, and Oregon (Executive Order 9066). What does it mean to be persistent? According to the modern day dictionary it means, persisting, especially in spite of opposition, obstacles, discouragement, etc. , persevering, lasting or enduring tenaciously. Walt Disney was seen as determined and hard working, never giving up, and always having faith.His views and visions came from the fond memory of yesteryear, and persistence for the future. Disney’s brothers, Roy and Raymond, had gone off to war and although he was too young to enlist his parents insisted on him not going to war. So he forged his parents’ signature on a passport to go over to France as part of the Red Cross Ambulance Corps (Cole, 21). This particular action shows that Disney would not take no for an answer. He wanted to help out, so his determination showed the most during this event in his life.After completing a set of his 1st cartoons, and working every night in his garage with a borrowed camera, he sold his first set of cartoons to a local theater in Kansas City, Newman Theatre: Newman Laugh-O-Grams† (Cole, 25). His 1st production of Alice in Wonderland had failed, so he started working on his other cartoons but when his first animations company had failed, declaring bankruptcy in the spring of 1923, he had asked Margaret Winkler, who was previously interested in Alice in Wonderland, to distribute the money in the creation (Cole, 28).Although there was a nasty court case after, Disney focused on the positives and kept on moving forward. After his bankruptcy in New York, Disney moved to California, but he was simply too young and inexperienced. So he started the same business as he did in Kansas City and started advertising his cartoons. At first, he had trouble-finding buyers, but finally he sold a serious to a local theater (Cole, 30). His life motto, â€Å"Keep Movin g Forward† was included in a Disney creation of â€Å"Meet the Robinsons† to show Walt’s persistence and optimism.It meant to never stop, never give up, and just to â€Å"Keep Moving Forward†. This motto also shows that Disney chose to stay positive. He was never pessimistic and tried his hardest to give his all. He worked hard and even after having failed attempts at starting his own animation company, he never gave up and just kept on going. All of his hard work paid off, and we can see his magnificent work and amazing determination today. When you think of America, what is the first thing that comes to mind? First man on the moon, the hunt for Osama bin Laden, the Apollo Program, and the struggle during the Cold War perhaps?All those things were achieved by America because, America always needs to be the best of the best and beat everyone in anything. Russia sends in a man in space, America tries to override it by sending rockets in space and trying to land on the Moon. The Apollo Program was commenced because of this crazy race/competition going on with the U. S. S. R. The program was designed to land humans on the surface of the Moon. Six of the missions completed their task by landing on the moon, while the others only orbited Earth’s surface. This shows how hard America tried to get someone on the Moon, in which they succeeded (Williams).The first man on the Moon was the result of the Apollo Program. The legendary man’s name was Neil Armstrong. As spacecraft commander for Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, Armstrong gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the moon and first to step on its surface. After the tragic events of 9/11, there was a hunt to find the leader of the Al-Qaeda. After a crazy and hectic search for Osama bin Laden, the elite American forces had found him in a custom-built hideout, not far from a Pakistani military academy. It was long believed that he wa s hiding in caves around the world.His body was quickly buried at sea with a stunning finale to a furtive decade on the run (Osama bin Laden). Despite the inconclusiveness of the Korean War, the existence of Cuba as a Soviet satellite 90 miles from Florida, the draft dodgers and Weathermen terrorists, despite the American retreat from Vietnam, the Watts riots of 1964, the Watergate, the humiliating 1979 occupation of the U. S. embassy in Tehran, from 1947 to 1989, the U. S. successfully contained and defeated the Soviets in the Cold War's long and tedious struggle (Bay). That took extraordinary persistence.It took resilient, adaptable, creative and able military and security services. But most of all it took the basic, consistent support of the American people. The ones, who go to work, pay the bills; wear the police and military uniforms. And as John Kennedy once said â€Å"bear any burden †¦ to assure the survival and the success of liberty. † (Bay). â€Å"It all star ted with a mouse† is what everyone says about the Disney franchise. If you think about it, Disney had drastically changed our lives. Walt Disney can be described as catalytic, which means to be relating to or causing or involving catalysis; â€Å"catalytic reactions†, revolutionary.The Disney franchise is a big part of American culture. Kids would do anything for tickets to one of the theme parks. Florida is the top tourist city in America and the only reason it is, is because of the Disney theme parks. Just like America has affected the world with its charm and magic, so has Walt Disney. We celebrate his birthday and his accomplishments every year. His legacy will remain forever. Walt Disney has affected our generation so much and it all started when a mouse character appeared in his series of cartoons, â€Å"Oswald†.When Steamboat Willie opened at the Colony Theater in New York on November 18, 1928, Walt knew that he created something that will change the whole world (Crafton, 5). It signaled the beginnings of animation history. Most people credit Walt Disney as the one who started the animation history, however some critics say that animations have been around since late 1800s (Crafton, 6). If you travel to any country abroad, everyone would know of America as these â€Å"cowboys† who run around with lassos, on horses, chasing Native Americans. That, dear readers, is the magnificent influence of America all over the world.Although everyone sees Americans as these fat, lazy, stupid human beings who eat McDonalds and watch television everyday, Europeans, Asians, Indians, Africans, etc. , praise the United States. Believe it or not, American culture has been so influential everywhere, that everyone wants to live in the US. The culture and entertainment are huge aspects of the influence that America has had on these second world, third world, and even first world European countries. There are KFC’s, McDonalds’, and other â€Å"typical† American fast food restaurants all over the world.America is so powerful, that the celebrities, movies, and any television shows are shown in, almost, every country in the world. Entertainment and culture are not the only features that America has brought over to the rest of the world. After the all-known Revolutionary War, War of Ideas was going around the world. And what it was is that, all the countries that were ruled by kings and queens were starting to ponder upon their rulers. They wanted independence and freedom of speech. The French Revolution that happened shortly after America gained independence from Great Britain can prove that.Now all these countries were starting to revolt because they thought if an underdog, like America, can defeat and break away from a powerhouse, like Great Britain, so can they. To be the quintessential is to be the essential part of something. Walt Disney is indeed the essential whole of everyone’s lives. America and Walt have both been persistent, catalytic, and prejudiced to the world. And although they’ve been the bad guys sometimes, they have tremendously affected the whole world by their great determination and willpower.They have done great things like the Apollo Program, creating Mickey Mouse, landing a man on the Moon, leaving a tremendous legacy behind, etc. And as Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, â€Å"To be great, is to be misunderstood † (Emerson) Works Cited Bay, Austin. â€Å"RealClearPolitics – In Praise of American Persistence. † RealClearPolitics – Opinion, News, Analysis, Videos and Polls. Creators Syndicate Inc. , 3 May 2011. Web. 11 May 2012. . Bell, Elizabeth, Lynda Haas, and Laura Sells. From mouse to mermaid: the politics of film, gender, and culture.Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. Print. Cole, Michael D. Walt Disney: creator of Mickey Mouse. Springfield, N. J. , U. S. A. : Enslow Publishers, 1996. Print. Crafton, Donald. Befo re Mickey: the animated film, 1898-1928. University of Chicago Press ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993. Print. â€Å"Executive Order 9066: The President Authorizes Japanese Relocation. † History Matters: The U. S. Survey Course on the Web. N. p. , n. d. Web. 17 May 2012. . Gabler, Neal. â€Å"Walt Disney–prince or toad?. † Los Angeles Times 22 Nov. 2009, sec.Entertainment: n. page. Los Angeles Times-California, national, and world news. Web. 14 May 2012. â€Å"Osama bin Laden is dead – CBS News. † Breaking News Headlines: Business, Entertainment & World News – CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc. , 1 May 2011. Web. 17 May 2012. . Peet, Bill. Bill Peet: an autobiography. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1989. Print. Williams, Dr. David R. â€Å"The Apollo Program (1963 – 1972). † Welcome to the NSSDC!. N. p. , 24 Nov. 2008. Web. 17 May 2012.. Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Self reliance. Hoboken, N. J. : BiblioBytes, 199. Print.

International Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Law - Essay Example As to ancient Rome, it was an empire that absorbed many of the western independent nations. When the empire fell, however, many of the rules and laws it imposed in commerce and in other areas also faded away. Nevertheless, many of the rules and principles of international law took root in the ancient Greco-Roman systems although such rules and principles were often employed as rules of religion and laws for international relations of one state with foreign states forming part of its municipal law. A. Ancient Greece Although the Greeks did not foster close relations with its neighbors, it had to deal with its components, the city-states, which are independent from each other. Each of the city-states (or polis) comprising Greece had their respective economic and political systems. Each was considered a religious community and the rules and laws that characterized their relationships were called religious obligations and not laws (Bederman 2001:33) Some of these were: the avoidance of w ar; if unavoidable, should be commenced only through a declaration; heralds or messengers not to be harmed; fallen soldiers in battles entitled to burial; in the event of a city’s capture, refugees in temples to be spared; prisoners of war cannot be killed, but only ransomed, enslaved or exchanged; priests and seers also to be spared (Kaczorowska 2010:8). Moreover, it was Greece that first developed a highly sophisticated system of arbitration and proxeny (state hospitality), which is the basis of diplomatic immunity (Kaczorowska 2010:2). Associations and federations were also periodically formed among city-states for the purpose of establishing non-interference agreements, full citizenship grants, offensive and defensive alliances or for religious reasons. With respect to other states, however, ancient Greece was in a perpetual state of war due to its experience in the Persian Wars in 500-479 BCE, when Persia invaded and captured its colonies (Bederman 36-37). B. Ancient Rom e Rome, which is considered the most influential of all ancient civilizations, entered into treaties with neighboring Latin states, but once it started to expand its empire it employed the principles of jus fetiale and jus gentium in conducting relations with foreign states. Jus fetiale are religious laws that governed wars. Wars must be underpinned by a reason, otherwise they are unjust. Jus gentium or the law of tribe, on the other hand, governed Rome’s conduct with non-Romans and the conduct of Roman citizens with non-Roman citizens. This body of laws was made up of norms and concepts that were believed to be common and acceptable to both Romans and non-Romans. It primarily regulated the relations between private individuals and was first crafted by the praetor peregrinus or special magistrate. Jus gentium has greatly influenced the European legal systems and public international law (Kaczorowska 2010:3). In addition, the doctrine of natural law, believed to have anteceded human rights, was first created by the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and was subsequently adopted by the Romans. This doctrine is underpinned by the existence of right reason as something inherent in man and nature and therefore, capable of being discovered (Kaczorowska 2010:9). C. Conclusion: Greco-Roman Influence on the UN Charter The avoidance of war as well as the principle of just war, which first appeared in ancient Greece as religious obligations and in ancient

Outlines Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Outlines - Essay Example Terrorists have been very successful at brainwashing young people through the Internet. This must be stopped. Terrorists take advantage of shifting alliances. They look for weaknesses and exploit them. In order to tackle terrorism, we have to work together. We have to isolate regimes that support terrorism and work hard to come up with common policies that allow us to stay united. All businesses require excellent human resources programs if they wish to be profitable and successful. In order for these programs to work well there must high morales. One thing is for sure: the quality of a food companys products and services and its reputation reflect the type of management it has and the morale of employees. In order to create high morale, the following steps should be taken at this company: The training process introduces employees to the company and in some ways sets the tone for the rest of their work term. Make sure they know from the beginning that they are valued and important to the company. Show them how to do things properly. Without respect people feel worthless and sullen. They want to be seen to be human beings. That mean treat people well and give them something to look forward to. Something they can work towards. Otherwise they will not be productive Communication is key. In order to solve morale problems, managers have to communicate with employees. They have to let employees know what is expected of them and what the future holds. If this doesn’t happen then employees will feel left out in the cold and

Analysis if financial perfomance of Wholefoods Market Essay

Analysis if financial perfomance of Wholefoods Market - Essay Example A critical analysis of the financial performance of this organisation shows that despite market forces such as competition, this organisation is performing relatively well given that it has managed to record a steady increase in its profits over a five year period from 2006 to 2010. Against this background, it has been recommended that it is safe for investors to invest in this company given that there are positive indications of positive growth which lowers the chances of risk in the event of unprecedented forces impacting negatively on the economy. 1.0 Introduction According to the World Book Encyclopaedia (2008), a stock is a right to ownership in a corporation. The stakeholders buy shares and they can sell them for a profit in market places called stock exchanges. The financial performance of a listed company is influenced by various factors. As such, this report seeks to critically analyse the financial performance of Whole Foods Market which is a listed on the New York Stock Ex change. The report starts by outlining the historical background of the company as well as the factors that can affect its operations. This section is followed by a critical analysis of the organisation’s financial performance during the 2006 to 2010 fiscal years. Recommendations are given at the end of the report in order to establish if it is feasible for the investors to buy shares in this particular Company. 2.0 Historical background of Whole Foods Market According to its official website, Whole Foods Market was founded in Austin, Texas as a natural foods industry. It specifically focused in offering organic foods in a bid to promote health among the consumers. It was established in 1980 and grew through acquisitions to become a force to reckon with in the organic food segment of the market. This company is regarded as the world’s leading natural and organic foods supermarket in America as well as other parts in the globe. The company completed its initial public o ffering in January 1992 and it trades its common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol WFMI. The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and its mission is â€Å"to promote the vitality and well being of all the individuals by supplying the highest quality, most wholesome foods available.† The mission of the company is primarily concerned with developing organic foods, food safety concerns as well as sustainability of the entire ecosystem. There is growing concern to preserve the environment against the backdrop of rising cases of global warming and other issues related to health of the human beings. This company has managed to lead the organic food industry in the US since its inception about 30 years ago as a result of the fact that it has remained uniquely mission driven. 3.0 Market analysis Like any other industry, this company operates in an e competitive market where there are different players as well. The competitors for this company inclu de local, regional as well as international

Frameworks and Decisions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Frameworks and Decisions - Assignment Example To a great extent, Marino calls it intuitively to point out the reality of the teaching of ethics. It is quite true that ethics is being taught in almost all fields and discipline but this does not in any way guarantee that those who partake of it would automatically make the right choices in the future. It is true that there is bioethics, legal ethics, medical ethics and all others of the genus but this in no way has it proven that arbitrarily mandating the students and other individuals would mean that there would be less of any malpractice in the future. The old Greek viewpoint of Socratic origin does make one wonder whether or not virtue could be taught. The greatest moral challenge is to first get to know one’s self in a contemplative and accurate way before being able to definitively claim that ethics may be imparted. This in its entirety gives out a deeper understanding of the most ludicrous title that Marino has given his article. â€Å"Before Teaching Ethics, Stop Kidding Yourself† challenges each person, especially those who teach it, to have a deeper psychological understanding of who we are so that we may be able to envisage our line of reasoning when faced with a moral dilemma. This makes for a tangible approach to teaching ethics. I deeply understand this sentiment because the lapse of time between now and that concept of â€Å"we will look at this tomorrow† is ample time to give any person for him to be able to reconcile his moral knowledge with justifications that he would have easily made without it. â€Å"Until finally we come to our senses and convince ourselves that the convenient course is the righteous course†.

Opera in the U.S. by American composers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Opera in the U.S. by American composers - Essay Example Opera in the U.S. by American composers Answering the question that many people have not been able to answer since the 1960’s, Opera in the United States of America supports performance and creation of new works by American composers especially those from the northern side. OPERA America’s online education core, which is the learning centre, features information, which not only focuses on frequent operas but also houses an inventory that has proven to grow of composers from north America as well as their operas for use by opera lovers, artists and administrators. Therefore, Opera finds synopses, biographies of librettists and composers, historical essays and other research as well as other multimedia excerpts. Jazz composers for example, which happens to be the genre subject in this paper, started way back in the 1960’s and up to date the composers still rely on Opera for research work. In the Opera, there is the voice workshop and the composers’ series, w hich is a competitive biannual fellowship, offered to composers especially those of jazz and composer/librettist teams (Gilbert& Chase, 26). The notion behind fallacies as outlined by major philosophers asserts that in order to be a rational thinkers and composers, then one should avoid the illogicality in fallacies and carry out an examination to gauge one’s level of thinking. While composing, development for Rational Persons involves Viewing Development in Stages; the composer tries to explain the basic concepts that would help in becoming a rational jazz composer. Librettists like mark Campbell places in the mind of the audience stages of evaluation through which one can become a more rational thinker. While at Opera and in stage one, composers assert that it is of primary importance to accept that since humans are always working towards being more rational thinkers, we should accept that shortcoming characteristic of humans and work towards better realization of relevant thinking. The second stage helps composers realize that unless they accept to being irrelevant thinkers, only then can they proceed to being rational thinkers. Stage 3 asserts that composers first question the belief of their reasoning before actually bringing it out to other people. When a composer gets to this stage, then he or she can be referred to as ‘beginning thinkers’. In the fourth stage, a composer is able to have a clearly defined outline of his or her thinking formula. One is able to have an organized line of thought even in arguments. According to Opera, There are 4 different kinds of fallacies. I. Non sequitur is the form of thinking where the composition may be right or wrong, but the premise from which the conclusion is born does not have clear outlay. II. Faulty analogy asserts some level of irrelevance during composition. For instance, if B has content, same as V and V has same composition as Q; simply assuming that therefore B and Q have same properti es without founded conclusive finding is irrelevant and illogical. III. Hasty generalization: in this form of fallacy, a composer simply draws conclusion based only insufficient evidence. If in a list of 12 people, 10 have passed in an exam, simply assuming that the remaining two also have passed in an exam holds no ground for a sufficient conclusion. IV. Equivocation simply implies the

LAND LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

LAND LAW - Essay Example He was not regular in visiting his property since he purchased it in year 1952, when he had asked his seller to plant Christmas trees on the land with the idea of harvesting it in later years. However, he could not tend to his land since he was posted at Bonn between the years 1955 to 1967. Subsequent to his return, between the years 1967-1972, the McFarlane’s could make few visits to the property site, but it was clear that his interest in his property was waning. The McFarlanes did not suspect that their land was under the possession of Powell until, in 1972, they noticed the new fencing on their land, which gave rise to suspicion in their minds that perhaps all was not well regarding their claims to the stated property. Powell brought action stating that he was in adverse possession of the said disputed land since 12 years from the period 1960 to1972.In order to substantiate this statement, he had to prove that he had actual possession and control over the said land for the last 12 years. The facts, as observed by Slade J, were that for a person to be in possession, whether legal or illegal, he should be able to bring action for trespass, against any trespasser or squatter, who comes into the said land, without his permission. This is except in the case of a person who has a better title to the land then what he himself has.. In other words, he had to maintain animus possidendi.This means that, when the law has to attribute possession of a land to person who does not have paper title on the said land, he must be in a position to prove that he has both the factual possession as well as the requisite intention to possess the said land. (Farlane 1977). The main issue in the event of alleged possession is that the squatter is dealing with the land as though it is his own, and in a manner that would be used by the true owner, and nobody else. The essence of animus posited is that the squatter, in his own

Sources of Government Power in a Nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sources of Government Power in a Nation - Essay Example In the introductory paragraph, the paper mentions two major forms of governments. These forms are the major sources of government power. Monarchical government is a form of government that is disliked by many nations due to its nature that one becomes the leader of a nation whether the Nationals like it or not. Citizens will always want to hear an individual’s ideological ability. Various nations have their cultural and political beliefs and would expect to have them maintained. With the hereditary monarchy, nationals are not able to evaluate and choose their leaders. An example is the Great Britain where the newborn King William has to become the next king. The king may not bother to maintain the doctrines of the nation because of the guarantee of leadership assured. Family leadership is a duplication of the same leadership since it comes from the same people. This means that the prince will emulate father’s governance, limiting the chances of change in the country. Ac cording to; â€Å"Globalizing Democracy† by Fierlbeck K., a potential leader proves to nationals of fulfilling the promises made to citizens, unlike hereditary monarchy. The promises one makes should be factual and ones that cope with the doctrines of the country. Once somebody has gotten into power, he/she gets the strength to either fulfill the promises made to nationals or not. This is because of the superiority one gets, overlooking the voters who took him/her to the same power. This now creates domination (Fierlbeck 22).

A political social movement Essay Example for Free

A political social movement Essay One problem the researcher had when operationalising the meaning of punk is that there was a varying meaning of punk. To the people who defined themselves as punk it was a political social movement, to others it was seen as fashion. Another problem is that it was hard to say whom the punks were because of how they act or dress. Some of the people who would say they were punk would not dress or act to the ideal, where others who were acting and dressing to the ideal would not identify themselves as punk. One reason why some sociologists may prefer qualitative methods is that it gives a truer insight into what a respondent has to say. This therefore improves the validity of the research. A second reason is that it provides greater depth into social life. It allows the researcher to look at society in more detail and other than its counter part not just as figures in a table. The research findings in item A tell us that once you label yourself as punk, you undertake three stages in a punk career. In the three stages there are what they define as being punk, how they behave, and their core values. The first stage is rebellion. Their definition of a punk is unconventional and a non-conformist. Their behaviour is anarchic and deviant. The way they dress and hairstyle is aimed to shock people and offend. Their core values at this stage are rejecting and opposing mainstream values. The second stage is belonging. They become a member of a subculture. They conform to common standards of dress, behaviour and may also start body piercing. They value being accepted by peers of being a true punk, not just a poseur. The third stage is belief in core values. They believe that punk values are more important than dress, looks etc. Their behaviour is individual do it yourself creative expression. They value personal integrity, individualism, honesty, and being unique.

Web Two Technologies And Impact On Society Information Technology Essay

Web Two Technologies And Impact On Society Information Technology Essay This paper discusses Web 2.0 technologies and their impact on society. The first section of this paper introduces Web 2.0 technologies and briefly defines them. The next sections discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Web 2.0. Next, the paper discusses the values that Web 2.0 has brought to society. Finally, we make concluding remarks about how Web 2.0 will change over time. Introduction There are many opinions as to where Web 2.0 came from, and how it will impact our lives in the future. At first, many people saw Web 2.0 as a buzzword, but not really a new concept. Web 2.0, as it is considered today, was a result of the dot-com bust in 2001. In 2001, many people began to believe that the web was overrated, and probably would not have many significant implications in the future. However, during the internet shakeout, a few people saw a promising future for web-based technologies. The Web 2.0 conference set out to find the next web technologies (OReilly, 2005). Web 2.0 is changing the way society communicates. The next generation of social networking has created endless opportunities for people to share content. Web 2.0 technologies allow for two-way interaction. Unlike updating a website, posting information about a company on Facebook allows companies to receive feedback about the products and services. The interactive nature of Web 2.0 is one of the many ways that Web 2.0 differentiates itself from Web 1.0 (Bohley, 2010). Web 2.0 allows for constant change in content. One of the best ways to explain these new technologies is through example. The creators of Web 2.0 originally thought of a list of applications that they believed represented the change from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0. The original list is in the following table. Web 1.0 Web 2.0 DoubleClick Google AdSense Ofoto Flickr Akamai BitTorrent Mp3.com Napster Britannica Online Wikipedia Personal websites Blogging Evite Upcoming.org and EVDB Domain name speculation Search engine optimization Page views Cost per click Screen scrapping Web services Publishing Participation Content management systems Wikis Directories (taxonomy) Tagging (folksonomy) Stickiness Syndication Source: OReilly What is Web 2.0 2005. One of the main differences between these Web 2.0 technologies is the way the content changes. Instead of having scheduled updates and maintenance, Web 2.0 is constantly changing the way people see information. For example, a Wiki user has the option of deleting, adding, and modifying information. There is no one that really controls the content on these types of applications. Because there is no one monitoring the content, there is no way of knowing whether or not the information from these sites is correct. However, these mash-up sites create opportunities for people to share content in ways that were not possible before Web 2.0 (OReilly, 2005). DoubleClick, a Web 1.0 technology differs from Googles AdSense, a Web 2.0 technology. One of the main differences between the two applications is how they go about putting ads on the web pages. While DoubleClick boasts over 2,000 implementations, the newer AdSense already has hundreds of thousands of sites to target. Since DoubleClick requires a formal contract, it mainly targets larger websites. Google realized that the bulk of the web was actually comprised of smaller websites. In order to target these smaller websites, the companies needed to find a way to integrate the ads in formats that could reach a broader base of customers. Googles AdSense can place an advertisement on virtually any webpage. The Web 2.0 difference is how applications can take advantage of a different platform in order to serve more customers (OReilly, 2005). From a business standpoint, major companies see Web 2.0 as an opportunity to expand into new markets, and reach out to people who use social networking sites. The challenge now will be for companies to find a way to integrate these technologies into a way that can promote the business. Sites such as Facebook and Twitter can be used as marketing tools, but only if the company knows how to make use of them. While many people understand how to use these popular sites, not many are aware of how to utilize them in a way that attracts customers and grows a business (Gilette, 2010). Companies must also beware that social networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter could be used against them. Social networking sites make it easy for customers to post their view of a company on a website. Someone who had a bad experience with a product could tweet about the experience, leaving the company vulnerable to these attacks. A company must pay even more close attention to the customer service aspect of the business in order to ensure that customers are not tempted to say harmful opinions about the company. As an example, a frustrated United Airlines customer wrote a song and posted it to YouTube about how the airline was careless with his luggage and broke his guitar. This is obviously not the kind of publicity that any company wants to have (Gillette, 2010). Web 2.0 requires companies to be more up to date with services and customer feedback. Advantages of Web 2.0 As the internet has become the most convenient and popular medium of communication, Web 2.0, an enhancement of the existing internet, has developed a system in which online users have become participants rather than mere viewers (Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0, 2010). Based upon the interaction with online users, Web 2.0 is becoming more and more popular. Here we discuss some major advantages of Web 2.0 that can be treated as the drivers of its development. Web 2.0 created an advanced communication platform both for public and private use. For public use, it enhances the way people collect information by giving more access to information around the world. It allows the mass population to communicate with each other and spread ideas rather than receiving their information from a specific authority or a single resource. In the Web 2.0 environment, the information can flow freely and people can express their opinions without fear of repercussions. For example, Google Documents facilitates group work on projects by allowing members to create, share and update documents to the same page and combine all the thoughts from different members at the same time. For private use, Web 2.0 helps to meet the personal needs of users for creating and sharing private information from limited users. Web 2.0 actually makes the internet more personalized by allowing each individual to have information that is tailored to their needs and interests (Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0, 2010). For instance, the Gmail phone offers users the ability to enjoy free and fast online communications dedicated to traditional physical devices such as telephones and cell-phones. Web 2.0 provides a compatible interface that enables a single user to use different applications at the same time easily. Hence, we can say that Web 2.0 is actually establishing a true democratic digital system in the world of the internet (MacDonald, 2009). That is also why Facebook and Twitter have become so popular right now; they enable users to create their own online personal space in which they can make or search friends, and update their personal information. Web 2.0 also takes accessibility to the next step by letting users have the power to determine how much of their content they wish to share and in what ways. Web 2.0 lets users choose if they wish to upload content using audio, video, or text files. People can even use Facebook to arrange a date, a social party such as Halloween or any group activities happening in their social network. Users are enjoying sharing their stories and daily feelings on Facebook and Twitter instead of staying alone at home to watch television . Moreover, for some big companies such as Saleforces.com, the Web 2.0 community and social networking sites are the best places to share the success stories, efficient knowledge worker collaboration, employee satisfaction, and clients success (Therwanger, 2010). Web 2.0 facilitates people to get better access to information they need. In the environment of Web 2.0, people will be able to get better information about things happening throughout the world from multiple resources by getting rid of the limitation of government controlled media. Online web users can easily accomplish searching and recording information they need for the accumulation of their personal knowledge, which helps them make better decisions. RSS (Really Simple Syndication) feeds are a good example of Web 2.0 applications that help people collect the most information from the resources links they have signed up for simultaneously. People can look up the news in which they are interested in the same interface without opening multiple websites and going around different pages. Such immediate information cannot be achieved by any other means. Web 2.0 also promotes the positive business model changes in enterprises. Redaktion points out seven core benefits of Web 2.0 for businesses: 1) Core enterprise applications will become more effective through the incorporation of Web 2.0 technologies. 2) Next-generation Web platforms can be highly efficient in overall procurement and sales strategies. 3) Lessons from Web 2.0 community and social networking success stories can be leveraged within the enterprise for more efficient knowledge worker collaboration and overall employee satisfaction. 4) Semantic tagging technologies can greatly increase the navigation of internal and external information overload and increase information-based product consumption and use. 5) Web 2.0 communities can be used for new product feedback, shortening the product development time and targeting valuable marketing resources. 6) Targeting bloggers and other influential Web users can help to control an organizations image and influence publicity for the positive 7) Making Web-based marketing the norm, rather than the exception, will help optimize overall marketing spend (Redaktion, 2006). Web 2.0 promotes the development of E-Commerce. E-commerce is one of the boons of Web 2.0 innovations that have made shopping a much more simple and efficient experience on the internet (Jones, 2010). Its biggest advantage is that the providers of online services and products can offer better customer service and better interaction with their customers. Web 2.0 increases the effectiveness of marketing. Online retailers earn the benefit of marketing by communicating immediately with a prospective buyer and provide all the information and clarifications that he or she needs. For example, many of online retailing websites have applied the Web 2.0 applications such as video catalogues, instant calling options and instant message services. With the advancement of internet technology, it has become easy to display products through video coverage on the website. The video coverage can also be added in the description page with the help of websites such as YouTube.com or Photobucket.com. In such a way, the responses from the consumer side can be increased dramatically. Disadvantages of Web 2.0 Although Web 2.0 has several advantages to society, there are some disadvantages. These disadvantages include several concerns amongst users. First, companies are unsure how to use the data. Secondly, there are privacy concerns with personal information out on the web. Third, Web 2.0 content is not always reliable information because anyone can update it. Fourth, Web 2.0 is seen as a security threat to many company managers. These disadvantages are discussed in more detail below. First, companies are not entirely sure how to use these technologies in a way that benefits their business. For example, a company might decide to have a blog or a comment section added to its website. However, without careful monitoring, this could easily become an easy way for frustrated customers to express their feelings. For example, Dell opened a blog on its website in 2006, and employees found that most of the comments on the blog were negative feelings towards the company. While it did allow Dell to quickly find out what its customers concerns were, it could harm business if potential customers are only reading negative feedback about the company (Vernon, 2007). Another concern with Web 2.0 is personal privacy, especially with children. As a parent, Facebook, MySpace, and Twitter can be worrisome. When a child goes online, it is easy for them to go to these social networking sites and give out personal information about themselves and their families. Many children do not realize how dangerous the web can be, and how many people can access the information that they put online. There are several cases in which adopted children have been stalked by their birth parents that used Facebook to find them. Most adoptive parents want communication to be through a social worker or other intermediary, and worry about the childs birth parents having unwanted communication with their child. This is becoming a growing concern for parents of adopted children as Web 2.0 social networking applications such as Facebook makes it easier than ever to find information about people. Families find themselves in a difficult situation when it is hard to monitor their childs internet activity and contact with birth parents. This has been a controversy for both birth and adoptive parents (Macdonald, 2010). Additionally, Web 2.0 content is not a reliable source of information. Web 2.0 allows anyone to be in charge of the content. For example, Wikipedia is an online site that allows anyone to add information or take information out of each page. While this may be a good way to encourage data collaboration, this makes it difficult to monitor the quality of the content presented in the wiki. Consequently, Web 2.0 sites are not a reliable form of information. There is no way to be able to tell whether or not someone has made up the content or actually used legitimate sources. Even on social networking sites such as Myspace, it is estimated that forty percent of the content is untrue information about the person. While these sites are able to guess how much of the content is not correct, it is impossible to know what information is accurate (Vernon, 2007). Web 2.0 also poses a security problem for a companys most valuable information. While there have always been problems with viruses on computers, Web 2.0 allows for even more opportunities for hackers. This has become even more apparent as companies have noticed an increased number of worms that have been attacking company data. One survey found that security threats were a concern of nearly fifty-two percent of executives surveyed when asked about whether or not they would want their employees using Web 2.0 applications. Many companies feel that if they allow their employees to use Web 2.0 technologies at work, they may be putting the companys secure data at risk (Watson, 2008). The disadvantages to Web 2.0 show that it is important to realize that not all new technologies have positive effects on society. Web 2.0 brings to light a host of new problems that many people have not had to worry about in the past. Knowing that there are some problems with Web 2.0, it is important for users to be aware of what could happen if content is posted online using one of these applications. It is important to realize that any information that is posted to the internet using a Web 2.0 application is available somewhere for someone to see and that this data is not as secure as many would initially think. Value of Web 2.0 Web 2.0 certainly has dramatically changed the way we use the internet today and is revolutionary in the way web developers and web companies make their websites. Its responsiveness and ability to create social and collaborative web environments has made Web 2.0 an important development for the internet. One important question that arises from the development of Web 2.0 is what values do Web 2.0 technologies bring to businesses, communities and our society. Web 2.0 has had a major impact on all three of these groups which results in major impacts on our daily lives. The major implication of Web 2.0 technologies on our society is that our human society is merging with a network of computers (Nations, 2010). We used to just use the internet as a tool for information for anything we needed, such as sports, entertainment, academics, etc. Web 2.0s interactive capabilities and enormous network have made it almost an imperative to be connected in this network for various social reasons. It is almost like we have both a human state of being and a network being at the same time. With our dependence (or possibly addiction) on this technology, these networks are becoming a necessity in other technologies like cell phone applications and smaller laptops. Whether or not this is a positive impact on society is debatable. Certainly proponents of technology and innovation support Web 2.0 technologies as an improvement in communications around the world. Opponents do not seem to be as strong in their stance, but there are those that argue that peoples privacy is at risk and that Web 2.0 is another tool for western globalism. Anybody who watches the news witnessed the major impact Web 2.0 can have on societies in the last couple of years. The 2009 presidential election in Iran that resulted in the re-election of Mahmoud Ahmandinejad sparked in a fury of protests and riots that shook the nation to its core. The reason for the protests was the widespread feeling that the election was corrupt and Ahmandinejad was not the real winner of the election. In Iran, an Islamic republic, protestors are often treated with contempt from the police, the military and the government. Although it is called a republic, the nation is governed by a supreme leader (The Office of the Supreme Leader, Sayyid Ali Khamenei, 2010). It is thought by many that the elections in Iran are fixed and go to the candidate favored by Khamenei. Web 2.0 became a great opportunity for these protestors to show the rest of the world the injustice that was going on in their country (Weaver, 2010). The protestors posted photos, videos and blogs on s ites such as Facebook and Twitter, which gave the rest of the world a glimpse into what was happening in Iran. People from around the world saw this protest, saw the police response and became sympathetic to the cause of the protestors. Although Ahmandinejad has yet to step down as President of Iran, the protestors got the attention and sympathy of the rest of the world and have weakened diplomatic power for the Iranian rulers. This could have a major impact on their society as they try to move their society towards a secular democracy rather than an Islamic fundamentalist nation. Web 2.0 has become a necessity in the business world in many ways and has even impacted the way our government performs its duties. In todays world, businesses certainly have to keep up with what is going on with Web 2.0 in order to compete in the market. Many businesses now have Facebook pages and Twitter accounts so they can market to consumers and to do market research on these social networks. Also, businesses use this technology to improve information flows and knowledge management on technologies like wikis or blogs (Schneckenberg, 2009). This can have positive impacts on the business as well as increasing networking opportunities for co-workers. As mentioned earlier, our government is also getting involved with social network technologies. The Department of Defense is using technologies such as blogging, wikis, and RSS feeds among others in order to share knowledge with the military and intelligence agencies (Web 2.0 Guidance Forum, 2010). Using this technology gives us a possible upgrade in security in our country as well as major advantages for us overseas. Web 2.0s impact on our government does not end with bureaucracies. Politicians are using these technologies more and more to give them an edge with their constituents for elections (Hoffman, 2008). One politician who was able to effectively use Web 2.0 technologies was Barack Obama, who used Facebook and Meetup to connect with voters. With the growth of Web 2.0 networks, the importance of this technology on our nations political process will also grow and have long-term impacts on how our society views candidates and their legislative ideas. Certainly, if Web 2.0 is having major impacts on our societys business and governmental entities, Web 2.0 is going to impact our lives in some way daily. Conclusion Web 2.0 is vastly changing the way information is spread throughout the world. Like any technology, there are both advantages and disadvantages of using it. Web 2.0 can be used to help promote a companys business, but it can also be a means for customers to complain about the companys service. Web 2.0 allows for a faster way of spreading information in the form of Twitter and Facebook, but these sites also raise privacy concerns. Web 2.0 allows for more opportunities for people to share information on the internet. More peoples opinions will be online, and there is no way of guaranteeing what others will do with this information. As we mentioned, there have been some problems with adoptive parents finding out that their children are talking to their birth parents without their consent. These types of problems will continue to rise in the future. Web 2.0 will ultimately grow and continue to impact our lives. Web 2.0 has brought many values to our society. For example, President Barack Obama was able to use Facebook to communicate with potential voters. Web 2.0 certainly had an impact on the support he was able to obtain throughout the presidential election. Politicians will eventually need to further utilize these technologies in order to gain a competitive edge in elections. Web 2.0 also facilitated the fast spread of information about the corruption associated with the Iranian elections. Web 2.0 will continue to affect important issues like this in the future.

Compare and Contrast Between Rwanda and Darfur Genocide, from the Const

The analysis of the genocides that took place both in Rwanda and Sudan’s Darfur region exhibit some similarities as well as differences. The character of violence was similar in both cases, but in Rwanda the violence was more intense, participatory, and extraordinary. The violence in these two places took place in an environment that had experienced civil wars. It was a period of political transition which was further aggravated by ethnic nationalism and a conflict of ethnic populations that were living in close proximity. However, in the Rwandan genocide, the state is more centralized, compact, and effective. This is what explains the intensity and variation. The international response to these genocides through observers emphasized on using the genocide label to create domestic constituencies especially in the Rwandan case. The Darfur case however, revealed that both of these strategies are not effective. Responding to the genocide in Darfur, the US officials declared the label genocide to be occurring. Thereafter, a politically civil-society coalition emerged so as to lobby the administration. The net outcome of these two scenarios however was the same in the absence of effective policies that could halt the genocide. The Rwandan genocide has always acted as the point of reference for similar genocides taking place around the world. Since the 2003 crisis in Darfur, a lot of comparisons have been made to Rwandan genocide. Observers have likened the Darfur genocide to what happened in Rwanda and of course giving it two connotations. First, the violence in the western parts of Sudan has been referred to another Rwanda, by basing their arguments on the nature of the violence. Since whatever was happening in Darfur is similar t... ... different since the US was guided by the realism approach of not extending humanitarian help beyond their borders. Works cited Kupperman, Alan. Genocide: The Cases of Rwanda and Sudan. (2007) Retrieved from http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/1215.200705.kuperman.genociderwandasudan.html Lim, Timothy. Analyzing foreign policy: duties beyond borders? (2000) Retrieved from http://instructional1.calstatela.edu/tclim/F09_Courses/425f09_duties.pdf Merlingen, Michael. European security and defense policy: an implementation perspective, (2008). New York: Routledge publishers. Shapiro, Alan. Genocide in Darfur, Inaction in the Security Council Retrieved from http://www.teachablemoment.org/high/darfur.html Straus, Scott. Rwanda and Darfur: A Comparative Analysis. Retrieved from http://www.chgs.umn.edu/histories/occasional/StrausGSP2006.pdf

Essay on Janes Search for Self-identity in The Yellow Wallpaper

Jane's Search for Self-identity in The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚      "The Yellow Wallpaper," written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the late nineteenth century, explores the dark forbidding world of one woman's plunge into a severe post-partum depressive state. The story presents a theme of the search for self-identity. Through interacting with human beings and the environment, the protagonist creates for herself a life of her own. Charlotte Gilman, through the first person narrator, speaks to the reader of the stages of psychic disintegration by sharing the narrator's heightened perceptions: "That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don't care--there is something strange about the house--I can feel it" (304). The conflicting emotions of power and control versus loss of control are expressed in her reactions to her husband: "I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes. . . .so I take pains to control myself--before him at least, and that makes me very tired" (304). The progressive stages of the narrator's loss of reality are eloquently shown in these passages: I always... Essay on Jane's Search for Self-identity in The Yellow Wallpaper Jane's Search for Self-identity in The Yellow Wallpaper  Ã‚      "The Yellow Wallpaper," written by Charlotte Perkins Gilman in the late nineteenth century, explores the dark forbidding world of one woman's plunge into a severe post-partum depressive state. The story presents a theme of the search for self-identity. Through interacting with human beings and the environment, the protagonist creates for herself a life of her own. Charlotte Gilman, through the first person narrator, speaks to the reader of the stages of psychic disintegration by sharing the narrator's heightened perceptions: "That spoils my ghostliness, I am afraid, but I don't care--there is something strange about the house--I can feel it" (304). The conflicting emotions of power and control versus loss of control are expressed in her reactions to her husband: "I get unreasonably angry with John sometimes. . . .so I take pains to control myself--before him at least, and that makes me very tired" (304). The progressive stages of the narrator's loss of reality are eloquently shown in these passages: I always...

Are Women Slaves to Fashion and Beauty? Essay -- Feminism Feminist Wom

Are Women Slaves to Beauty?      Ã‚   What does it take to feel beautiful? Perhaps a little bit of time, make-up, and a breathtaking dress; or at least that's what we have been programmed to believe.   Without a doubt, all of the magazines, advertisements, and make-up beauty tips have influenced women’s beliefs about what it means to be beautiful. An artificial image of beauty has been imposed on each and every woman in our culture.    I would like to begin with the fact that women have always been known to dedicate their time to beauty. Those who are devoted to their appearance most often believe that beauty brings power, popularity, and success. Women believe this, because they grow up reading magazines that picture beautiful women in successful environments; not to mention they are popular models and world famous individuals. Beautiful women are no longer just a priority for most advertising, but we have become a walking target for the working class employers. It is documented that better-looking attorneys earn more than others after five years of practice, which was an effect that grew with experience (Biddle, 172). We cannot overlook the fact that it is always the most popular and most beautiful girl who becomes homecoming-queen or prom-queen. While these are possible positive effects of the "beauty myth," the negative results of female devotion to beauty undercut this value. These effects are that it costs a lot of money, it costs a lot of time, and in the long run, it costs a lot of pain.    First, women spend huge amounts of money to improve their looks. So here we are unable to escape the reality that we can never be flawless or blemish free; moreover, as long as women have the belief that all greatness de... ...take pleasure in making yourselves up "is like telling you to stop enjoying food, sex, or love" (Newsweek vl127, 68). Just don't let it run your life, and stop feeling that beauty should be valued by what is seen on the outside. Now go out, buy your Prom dress, and do it for fun. Not for who or what you should be.    Works Cited Biddle, Jeff E & Hamermesh, David S. (1998). Beauty, Productivity, and Discrimination: Lawyers' Look and Lucre. Journal of Labor Economics, 16(30). 172. Morin, Carole. (1997). Dead Glamorous. UK: National Publishing Company. Malkin, Carole. (1990, February), True Colors-Make-Up That's Tailor-made for You. Working Woman, 104. Schmid, Wendy. (1994, August). Making Up. Vogue, 198. Lieberman, Rhonda. (1995, April). Guys and Dolls. Artform, 21. Springen, Karen. (1996, June). Eyes of the Beholders. Newsweek, 68.   

Selfishness and Comment Shows Rufus

In the book Kindred, there are many characters that are interesting. One reason this is true, is because the book forwards through time very fast and we see many characters go from infantile to grown adult. One character that changed throughout the story was Rufus Weylin. His development was incredibly interesting because the story somewhat revolves around what he does or what is happening to him. We see him as a very young child to a twenty five year old adult. In this story, Rufus is the most interesting because he develops from a young impressionable child, to a selfish man influenced highly by the antebellum South and other things.First off, when we get the first glimpse into Rufus the boy he is burning his drapery to get attention from his father. He then mentions how he had also burned a barn. Here, we can already tell that Rufus likes to be heard, get his way, and when he doesn’t his reaction is way too exaggerated. He also is already influenced by what he sees around h im. He says to Dana, â€Å"You have to say it†¦ young master†¦you’re suppose to. † Dana responds, â€Å"No. † Rufus grips her arm and says, â€Å"Yes! † This reaction Rufus displays to Dana shows his influence of slave owning times and his inability to accept rejection.Although, when Dana says, â€Å"Rufe, don’t burn anything else. † He responds with, â€Å"I wont. † This indicates that he can take direction from another person and someone who is black, and this leads you to think that maybe he can learn to take direction and possibly change his ways. When Dana returns to the Weylin plantation with Kevin Rufus says, â€Å"Does Dana belong to you now?†¦ wife!†¦ niggers can’t marry white people! † This reaction shows that Rufus was indeed fitting into his society’s way of thinking and the mere idea of their marriage was insanity.However, as Dana returns again Rufus was indeed changing. This time he was trying to be with Alice, a black girl he had grown up with. As a child Rufus had this girl as his friend, but Rufus was now turning into his father, trying to take a black woman to bed with him. He had gone from a boy hating his father to a young man becoming him. Alice said, He tried to get Judge Holman to sell Isaac south to keep me from marrying him. † This also shows that Rufus is growing into a selfish young man with rash reactions. Similar to when he was a child.Though a lot of his reactions now hurt the ones he loves. He said to Dana about Alice running away, â€Å"Jail. A good whipping. Then they’ll sell her. † â€Å"She’ll be a slave? † â€Å"Her own fault. † This is a good example of his rash harshness. Even though at many points in the story Rufus seems awful, he still has some humanity in him. When asked if he would ever sell anyone like his father he responds, â€Å"I don’t know. I don’t think so. † Th is one comment shows Rufus may be some things but heartless isn’t one of them. In fact, Rufus seems to constantly yearning for someone’s love.When Alice was being healed Rufus says this time has been great because Alice hasn’t hated him. Although Rufus does hit Alice later when she doesn’t show him love. This shows that Rufus will not be rejected by anyone. His love for Dana even drives him to hold a gun to her and yell, â€Å"You’re not leaving!†¦ Damn you, you’re not leaving me! † Rufus’ need for his way and only his way continues when his father passes away. He says, â€Å"you let him die?†¦ You let him die†¦damn you to hell, you let him die!†¦ you just let him die. † His repetition shows his irrational behavior.He doesn’t take into account that Dana has just saved his life and there was nothing to do for Tom Weylin. Rufus continues to show his selfish behavior mixed with his plantation upbr inging when he sends Dana to the fields to work as punishment. His ultimate step into becoming a plantation owner was with his father passing, and now he was far from the person that said he would never sell a slave. His authority is really noticeable when he says, â€Å"You walk away from me, Dana, you’ll be back in the fields in an hour!†¦ Don’t you ever walk away from me again! At this point his threats aren’t him whining like when he was a child, he meant it. Rufus’ character develops a lot near the end of the book as we realize his feelings toward Dana all to clearly. In the middle of the night he approaches Alice and Dana and says, â€Å"You really are only one woman. Did you know that? † Rufus had Alice for his physical needs and Dana for his emotional. We start to see that Dana wasn’t just his friend; he needed to have her, no matter what. His jealously became clear when he sold the slave Sam for just speaking to Dana.He said, â€Å"He wanted you†¦he wanted you. † He then says to Dana, â€Å"Your so much like her, I can hardly stand it. † Rufus’ relationship with Dana had gone from friendship and understanding to Rufus wanting more and he aimed to have it. When we see that Rufus was allowing his son to call him daddy finally it was reminder of his humanity. We see that in some ways he was still good, and not racked with intense emotions. However, his humane side diminishes slowly with his irrational wants, desires and need for affection.Rufus’ character is interesting because of his development throughout this novel. In some ways it was radical and in others it was not. As a child he seemed to react too strongly in situations, like he does throughout his life. As a child you think he may change and not let his times control the way he thinks, but as he becomes an adult it’s obvious the South and his father have a big effect on him. In the end, Rufus’ selfishn ess, dominance, possession, and jealousy outweigh his sincerity, ultimately leading to his demise.

Mobile Phone and Habits Modern Gadgets

Facilitating Communication †¢With devices like the cell phone, the BlackBerry and the laptop computer, people can communicate easily while on the go. Businesspeople can stay in touch with clients or the office while waiting for a plane or when in transit, which can increase their productivity. Parents can supply their children with cell phones so they can keep in touch with them when they're away from home. Texting allows individuals to exchange brief messages quickly without the need for face-to-face or telephone conversations. Shopping Habits Modern gadgets also influence how people conduct routine daily activities such as shopping. With the use of a computer with an Internet connection, consumers can easily compare products, gain a wide range of product information and conduct the entire shopping transaction without having to leave their homes or offices. According a 2009 Pew Research Center study, 80 percent of Americans age 33 to 44 indicated they purchased products online and 67 percent did their banking via the Internet. †¢Sponsored Lin †¢Health and Safety Issues oOn the downside, overuse of electronic gadgets can have an adverse effect on health and safety.According to the Med India website, a Carnegie Mellon University study indicated, extensive use of the Internet or playing video games can lead to social isolation and even depression. Stress levels can also increase, as mobile communication devices can make it more difficult for users to disconnect from work and find time to relax. According to the Washington Post, a 2010 National Safety Council Study indicated that 28 percent of traffic accidents in the United States occur due to people talking on cell phones or texting while behind the wheel. Inappropriate Behavior In some cases, modern gadgets and their associated technologies can facilitate inappropriate behavior. Online predators can use the relative anonymity provided by an Internet chat room to pose as a teenager and lure a teen into a potentially dangerous situation. Social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter can provide convenient avenues for â€Å"cyber bullying,† such as when teens use these vehicles to intimidate or humiliate other teens. Individuals may also use their cell phones to engage in threatening or harassing behavior via text messaging. Sponsored Links

Walmart and Target a Closer Look at Strategic Interaction

Main Paper Walmart and Target: A closer look at strategic interaction Maastricht University School of Business and Economics Maastricht, 4th December 2011 Bastian Hauk, BH ID number: i6034999 Study: International Business Course Code: EBC1009 Economics & Business Group Number: 31 Economics Tutor: Khan Writing Tutor: Hetty Bennink Writing Assignment: Main Paper Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction 2. Economic Principle: Game Theory 3. Applied Economic Principles 3. 1. Theory of Game for simultaneously Decision Making 3. 2. The extended Version for consecutive Decision Making 4. Conclusion References 4 6 7 8 2 2 1 Introduction In the United States of America there are only two very well-known discount retailers: Target and Walmart. Both are currently operating all over the country which places each of them among the biggest corporations in the United States. Nearly every American has been to at least one of them because they sell almost everything and E. Basker described this service â€Å"one-stop shopping† (2007). In 2007, Walmart operated more than 3,400 stores across the USA and a survey showed that by the end of 2005 46 percent of Americans lived within 5 miles of the nearest store; within 15 miles even 88 percent (Basker, 2007).Target operated 1,750 stores in January 2011 (Target Corp. , 2011). Since their wide range of products is quite similar they are large competitors. Thus, they are constantly waging price war against each other. In addition, they make use of strategic interaction and especially of game theory which is a mathematical model describing a decisionmaking process and showing how the players make different decisions that potentially affect each other’s interests (von Stenge, & Turocy, 2001). This paper analyses strategic interaction between Walmart and Target with respect to the game theory and the extended version.In order to do so it introduces first the theoretic background of strategic interaction. Afterwards it applies g ame theory and the extended version to this case in order to show the impact of strategic interaction on both discount retailers. It concludes by stating the importance of strategic interaction to optimal decision making and its relevance for Walmart and Target. 2 Economic principles: game theory and extended version The theory of games describes certain concepts in which several players influence each other’s decisions in situations of conflict and competition (Moffatt, 2011).In order to apply game theory there must be at least two players. The three basic elements of a game are the player, the strategies he can choose from and the payoffs the players receive from each combination of strategy. The payoff matrix describes the outcomes in a certain game for each possible combination of strategies as shown in Figure 2. 1. 2 Player One Strategy 1 Strategy 1 Outcome Player 1 Strategy 2 Outcome Player 1 Outcome Player Two Strategy 2 Player 2 Outcome Player 1 Outcome Player 2 Outco me Player 1 Outcome Player 2 Figure 2. 1: Payoff matrix for a two player game Outcome Player 2If one player used a dominant strategy, his choice yields a higher payoff, regardless what the other player does and as a result he has no incentive to change his strategy. For this example, player one’s dominant strategy would be strategy one if he received a higher outcome no matter which strategy player two chooses, but only if he then receives the highest payout. There are also some particular outcomes; for example the Nash equilibrium which occurs when any combination of strategies is the best strategy with the best possible outcome for all players (McDowell, Thom, Frank, & Bernanke, 009). An outcome created by two dominant strategies which is worse than the outcome created by two dominated strategies is called prisoner’s dilemma. The prisoner’s dilemma only occurs when each player’s dominant strategy results in a smaller payoff than it would have if they ha d chosen the dominated strategy. Game theory also assumes that the decisions are made simultaneously. To illustrate a game in which the players decide interdependent, the economist uses the extended version of game theory which is displayed with a game tree (McDowell, Thom, Frank, & Bernanke, 2009). Company 1 Decision: Action A or Action B Action A Company 2 Decision: Action C or Action D Action C Outcome 1 Outcome 2 Action D Action B Company 2 Decision: Action C or Action D Action C Outcome 3 Outcome 4 Action D Figure 2. 2: Decision tree Figure 2. 2 is an example of a game tree. Company 1 first decides which action they will take, which can be either A or B. Company 2 then has the choice how they want to react and whether they take action C or D. The best outcome can only be achieved with a backward nduction as a result of evaluating the results first and afterwards predicting the other player’s strategy. For example, outcome 3 would be the best outcome for company 2 if comp any 1 chose action B and therefore company 2 chooses action C. Outcome 2 would gain the highest profit for company 2 if company 1 took action A. 3 Applied Economic Principles 3. 1 Theory of game for simultaneously decision making As stated in the introduction this two very large American retailers are competitors and have a very similar customer base.The income of Targets customer base is slightly higher but it is not relevant for strategic interaction (Neuman, 2011). Theory of game helps to understand the different prices and how the different price strategies affect consumer behavior. This example is not based on any specific data. However, it is logic for somebody willing to buy a certain good to substitute the same good with an identical one if the price is lower and there are not any additional efforts to make. By applying game theory, the three basic elements have to be clear. 4 Walmart and Target are the players.Different pricing of a certain product -a television- are the st rategies while the different profits are the results of each combination of the strategies. Both companies have two pricing strategies: either to charge a low price of â‚ ¬300 or a high price of â‚ ¬500. They have to make the decision simultaneously, for instance before they release the television to the market. It is important to know that the customers are also willing to purchase the television for the high price. Target High Price (â‚ ¬500) High Price (â‚ ¬500) Walmart Walmart earns â‚ ¬10,000 profit Low Price (â‚ ¬300) Walmart earns â‚ ¬15,000 profit Figure 3. : Payoff matrix for Walmart and Target Figure 3. 1 shows a potential payoff matrix for this strategic interaction. It shows all possible outcomes for the two pricing strategies. Walmart and Target would both make â‚ ¬10,000 profit if they charged the high price and â‚ ¬7,500 profit if they charged the low price. If Walmart chose the low pricing strategy and Target used the high pricing strategy Walmart would gain â‚ ¬15,000 compared to the â‚ ¬5,000 profit Target would make. Target also makes â‚ ¬15,000 profit using the low price if Walmart decides to charge the high price.What does that mean for both companies? Since both of them would earn a higher profit by setting the price low in this scenario, both companies would choose â€Å"Low Price† as a dominant strategy. On the contrary, â€Å"High Price† would be the dominated strategy. Nash equilibrium can be found when both companies pick the â€Å"low price† strategy because they don’t have an incentive to change their strategy. This payoff 5 Low (â‚ ¬300) Target earns â‚ ¬15,000 profit Walmart earns â‚ ¬5,000 profit Target earns â‚ ¬7,500 profit Walmart earns â‚ ¬7,500 profitTarget earns â‚ ¬10,000 profit Target earns â‚ ¬5,000 profit matrix also shows that the strategy combination of â€Å"high price† and â€Å"high price† would be the best possible outcome for both firms. But rather than applying the dominated strategy Walmart and Target use the dominant strategy. This dilemma is called prisoner’s dilemma. Those dilemmas exist quite often and there are many reasons why they exist, for instance, both companies do not want the other one to make a higher profit or even to have the chance to receive a higher profit. 3. 2.The extended version for consecutive decision making Therefore Target and Walmart react and might change the strategy they had choosen. Both competitors often change their strategies. Although Singh (2006) stated that prices at Walmart are about 15 percent lower than in traditional supermarkets, Neuman (2011) proved by comparing almost 60 items that Target’s prices were a bit lower than Walmart’s. It is hard to rely on data which are released with a 5 year time difference but it shows that both firms constantly adjust the prices to be competitive.High Price Target High Price Walmart Low Price â‚ ¬10,000 for Target â‚ ¬10,000 for Walmart â‚ ¬15,000 for Target â‚ ¬5,000 for Walmart â‚ ¬5,000 for Target â‚ ¬15,000 for Walmart â‚ ¬7,500 for Target â‚ ¬7,500 for Walmart High Price Low Price Target Low Price Figure 3. 2: Decision Tree for Walmart and Target 6 Since the decisions of both companies are not made simultaneously the reacting firm -in this case Target- has to find out what action to take in order to receive the highest profit for either move Walmart makes. Walmart moves first and selects either strategy.Target is in the position to decide and how it wants to react. Thus, Target uses backward induction. First it evaluates the best results for each action Walmart uses; â‚ ¬15,000 profit if Walmart sets a high price and â‚ ¬7,500 profit if Walmart sets a low price. Afterwards it chooses the strategy how to get to that profit. Finally Walmart moves and selects the low or the high price strategy and Target is able to react sufficiently. Assu me that Walmart chooses the high price strategy then Target sets low prices and due to that Target earns the highest possible profit. Conclusion Walmart and Target are large competitors on the American retailer market and therefore strategic interaction is very important for them. Both companies know the ways to decide how to act concerning different strategies. Both companies know that it is necessary for them to react and choose the best strategy. In the first example both companies simultaneously introduce a television to the market. Their dominant strategy is to set a low price because both of them hope that the other company chooses the high price strategy.This is one example of a free market wherein the customers always choose the low price if available. Walmart and Target would earn a larger profit if both set the high price. In the other case Walmart moves first and afterwards Target chooses the strategy which leads to the highest outcome. The reacting company’s best strategy in the extended version of game theory is always the low price strategy. On the contrary, when two companies have to decide simultaneously it is not always the best choice to choose the low price strategy although it is their dominant strategy. References Basker, E. (2007). The Causes and Consequences of Wal-Mart’s Growth. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21 (3), 177-198. McDowell, M. , Thom, R. , Frank, R. , & Bernanke, B. (2009). Principles of Economics, 2nd European Edition. Maidenhead, UK: McGraw-Hill Education. Moffatt, M. (2008). What are Game Theory and Bargaining Theory? Retrieved December 4, 2011, from http://economics. about. com/cs/studentresources/f/game_theory. htm Neuman, S. (2011). Target Takes Aim At Walmart, With Some Success, NPR. Retrieved December 4, 2011, from http://www. pr. org/2011/08/19/139793948/target-takes-aim-at-walmartwith-some-success Singh, V. , Hansen, K. , & Blattberg, R. (2006). A Market Entry and Consumer Behavior: An investig ation of a Wal-Mart Supercenter. Marketing Science, 25 (5), 457-476 Target Corp. (2011). Target Annual Report 2010. Minnesota, US: Target. Retrieved December 7, 2011 from http://www. sec. gov/Archives/edgar/data/27419/000104746911002032/a2201861z10k. htm#bg11101a_main_toc Turocy, T. L, von Stenge, B (2001). Game Theory. Academic Press Limited, 2 (2), 69-73. 10. 1080/07430170152379371 doi: 8

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